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Toyota Introduces Production “Clean Power” Diesels
1 February 2005
Toyota is unveiling the first production version of its Clean Power concept shown last year (earlier post) in the form of a 2.2-liter diesel engine for the Avensis.
To be introduced at the upcoming Geneva Motor Show in March, the 2.2-liter Clean Power engine offers 130 kW (175 hp) of power and 400 Nm (295 lb-ft) of torque, while producing levels of NOx and PM emissions that are respectively around 50% and 80% below Euro-4 standards. (See chart to right. The D-4D 180 Clean Power refers to the concept car noted above.)
The Clean Power engine uses a new, high-pressure piezoelectric common-rail injection system.
The principle of piezoelectricity describes the capacity of certain materials to deform upon the application of an electrical current and to return to their original state when the current is removed. In a piezoelectric fuel injection system, each injector is composed of a stack of piezoelectric ceramic elements. When an electric current is applied to the stack, the elements expand almost instantaneously, allowing the fuel coming from the common-rail into the cylinder.
This technique allows larger volumes of fuel to be injected in a shorter time than would be possible with solenoid injectors. It also results in greater fuel atomization to enable more efficient combustion across the range of the engine.
The Clean Power engine also uses Toyota’s D-CAT (Diesel Clean Advanced Technology) package as standard. The D-CAT emissions technology is already available in the Avensis model.
D-CAT consists of a number of elements, but at its heart is the DPNR (Diesel Particulate NOx Reduction system) 4-way catalyst that reduces NOx and PM simultaneously. (Schematic illustration of D-CAT components to the right.)
The DPNR catalyst relies on the engine management system to vary the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gasses.
To achieve this, a fifth injector, known as Exhaust Port Injector (EPI), has been added and placed in the exhaust port. At the critical moment, fuel is injected into the exhaust gas flow in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the DPNR catalyst. This ‘rich spike’ allows the DPNR catalyst to reduce NOx and PM.
The EPI also performs the sulfur discharge control. When the sulfur accumulated in DPNR catalyst reaches a certain level, the EPI will increase the catalyst’s bed temperature in order to release the sulfur.
Toyota D-CAT also adopts a high-efficiency EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) cooler to increase the density of the exhaust gasses being recirculated into the combustion chamber by reducing their temperature.
Along with the 2.2-liter Clean Power engine, Toyota is introducing another 2.2-liter engine in the mid-power range, offering 110 kW (148 hp) of power and 310 Nm (229 lb-ft) of torque.
Fuel consumption figures are not yet available. However, the current production Avensis using a 2.0-liter diesel with D-CAT consumes 5.8 liters per 100 km (combined), or 40.5 mpg (US), with CO2 emissions of 155 g/km.
At the introduction of the Clean Power concept last year, Toyota also indicated that it would extend the engine range down to 1.9 liters, 2.2 liters being the current top-end.
It will be interesting to see Toyota’s approach to the North American market with these Clean Power diesels. I haven’t seen any statements regarding their potential introduction here. I assume that Toyota will monitor the acceptance of diesels in the NA market and decide accordingly.
February 1, 2005 in Diesel | Permalink | Comments (97) | TrackBack (0)
Comments
Posted by: Jeff Parshall | November 09, 2005 at 04:45 PM
I have seen 4 doors, 4x4 toyota diesel pick-up trucks in Belize as far back as the year 1999. I would buy a diesel tacoma in a flash. Stop making it bigger and bigger, small was perfect.
Posted by: S. Klein | November 22, 2005 at 06:08 PM
Just thought I'd mention. I found an 85 corolla 4 door lift back. It needed an alternater, starter and some tires. I put on the starter and was blown away to have it start up as soon as the key was turned. The lady I bought this from swears it gets 50 plus mpg on the highway and 40 something in the city. I've only had it running for a week, but it runs strong with 100,000 miles on it. Body is cherry, interior looks new and 40 plus mpg... toyota did it right on this little 5 speed car way back in the 80's. Twenty years later and running strong. Not bragging, just hoping this makes it to some executives ear... I like the Prius and my little corolla is impressive so far. Let's see a truck with a mini deisel over electric??? or a something such.
Posted by: C.Ellis | November 24, 2005 at 05:31 PM
Oh, sorry about that... forgot to mention that my little 85 corolla is a deisel.
Posted by: C.Ellis | November 24, 2005 at 05:33 PM
I emailed Toyota inquiring about a future diesel truck model, here is their response, usless......
Thank you for contacting Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.
We appreciate your interest in Toyota.
At this time a diesel truck is not manufactured for the U.S. market. As such, information regarding this model is not available on our website.
We are committed to manufacturing high quality vehicles that exemplify innovative design, styling, dependability and durability. In an effort to maintain the quality that is evident in our previous model vehicles, we continue to pay close attention to detail in our future models.
We thank you for your enthusiasm and hope that you will continue to consider Toyota for your driving needs.
If we can be of further assistance, please feel free to contact us.
Toyota Customer Experience
Posted by: Kerry Wood | December 01, 2005 at 06:56 AM
I want a diesel truck which will burn bio-diesel and give me over 50 miles per gallon....keep up the good work
I am now buying your stock...your far sightedness puts the American auto makers to shame.
Posted by: pauline v. williams | December 02, 2005 at 09:21 AM
It continues to amaze me how completely backward we are in the US when it comes to sensible marketing of automobiles. We can have all kinds of flavors of I-pods, cell phones, TV sets, any sort of electronic gadget imaginable plus many I'd never have imagined. We even now have two-stroke outboard motors which run nearly as clean as a car. But regardless of where it comes from, there are almost no examples of anyone offering anything other than a conventional gasoline engine. Only the RX-8 Mazda is different here in California, so far as I know (other than big diesel pickups). This state of course has been exceptionally narrow minded in its quest for cleaner air which doesn't help either. But it really seems like the automakers just don't get it. There is a vast market waiting to be tapped. Don't they see how many Dodge, Ford, & GM diesels are being sold at ridiculously inflated prices in the "gross overkill" category? This is an overgeneralization, I know, but more often than not true, anyway. One guy commuting on the highway with no trailer & no cargo- seems like a big dually is more vehicle than necessary to me. But I'm not in favor of regulating that, just providing more options- like a Tacoma or Ranger diesel. Come on Detroit, come on Japan, wake up!
Posted by: Stu | December 05, 2005 at 02:42 PM
So nice to see so many other people asking for a Toyota Diesel truck to North America. I bought a new 4x4 diesel Pick up from Toyota in 1985 and had it until 2000. For the last 6 yrs I owned my truck I was chased and stopped by people asking me where I bought the vehicle and where they could get one.Why? because it was a diesel. And a visit to a Toyota dealer says: "Oh theres' no demand" Uhhuh rite...
It was the best automobile I have ever owned. Expecting to buy a new one in about 1990, I waited, and waited .. and STILL waiting for Toyota to wake up to this increasing demand for a compact diesel truck. Whichever manufacturer builds a compact diesel pickup is going to make a killing on sales... for now my Passat TDI is having to suffice , but its just not the same.....comon Toyota.. wake up!
Posted by: Blair442 | December 05, 2005 at 07:52 PM
I am not alone!
I've been patiently waiting for a small diesel PU truck (manual tranny, please) for YEARS, and now I see that I am not the only one... bless you all. Keep posting and pestering Toyota, and maybe our prayers will be answered. Toyota is the best run auto maker in the world, and they are certainly our best hope for a smaller diesel PU truck.
Detroit is a lost cause, imo. We want 35 mph, manual trans., and the ability to manuver in the real world... Detroit gives us 15mph, auto trans., and a land yacht that requires GPS to back into a parking spot...
Posted by: Mike P. | December 20, 2005 at 02:27 PM
Well, here I am over in Kuwait, supporting the fight of the global WAR on Terrorism for the Bush Administration, and driving, you guessed in 2004 HD diesel Tacoma type crew cab pickup. Love the Truck, plenty of low end and gets incredible mileage. Perfect for my needs back home. Get on thier web site to buy one and no diesel. In addition since I have been here it looks as though toyota, increased the size of the Tacoma, and now it gets even worse mileage. WAKE UP TOYOTA, If you have to have the TACOMA be mid size offer a Small pickup with this fabulous power plant.
M.
Posted by: Michael H. | December 25, 2005 at 10:47 AM
I'd have no problem paying a few thousand more for a Tacoma that can burn diesel/biodiesel. Wake up Toyota, please! Before I have to go buy a Chevy!!!
Posted by: Matt | December 29, 2005 at 12:43 PM
I currently have a 1985 Toyota pickup and am going to convert it to biodiesel. Sometimes you just can't wait for the big corporations to be smart. Make your own vehicles!!
Posted by: Ashean | January 04, 2006 at 06:21 PM
Mentioned earlier, Hilux is toyota's version of their tacoma. check out the uk or australia website for info on the hilux diesel:
www.toyota.co.uk
Posted by: DJohn | January 12, 2006 at 03:54 PM
Glad to see so many are asking the same questions I've had for so long. I watched Amer. trucks make a vast improvement when they turboed their diesels, then, when they were getting it right, they neglected a major portion of their market. More power is what they sought, and more power is great if that is what you want or need. But, what about those of us who don't need such an unsightly amount of h.p. or torque, we just want sufficient power and that good ole fuel economy. Can't they offer a truck for each of us? Since manufacturers offer different sizes of gas engines can't they give us a choice of two diesels? One with big power and the other with great economy? Am I asking too much? Even the little jeep liberty, which is avail. in diesel, gets horrible economy for such a little car. How much longer do we have to wait? Maybe I'll just have to give up toyota and all the rest to come up with some bright ideas. Maybe I'll just have to keep on driving diesels with oversized power plants.
Posted by: L Payne | January 26, 2006 at 10:20 PM
Well,
I see I'm not the first to hope for a compact diesel pickup. Has anyone looked into importing them? I wonder what the taxes/cost, etc. would be to bring a truckload into the states. I think we should just band together and order a trailer of small diesel trucks. Make it a media event so Toyota has to pay attention and wake up that there is a HUGE demand. We would probably have people begging us to sell them to them. Anyone have any import experience? Know a car dealer who would be willing to order some trucks?
AG
Posted by: AG | February 07, 2006 at 06:10 AM
Toyota,
After years of owning V8 gas guzzlers, our family is ready to move to diesel. We would give anything to have a Tacoma Diesel. We'll buy in Canada if it becomes available there.
I'm just as astounded as everyone else here in regards to the auto industry's ignorance. Do you all not see the increased buzz about biodiesel, and diesel fuels in general? Remember how you all tried to offer us diesels in the late '70s-mid '80s, and we balked? Well, the public is ready to move to diesel now. In fact, as you can see, we actually WANT it now. So where is the option?
Posted by: Jeff | February 12, 2006 at 01:33 AM
It is said that because of our strict emissions requirements, diesels can not be brought to the states. Diesels do not put out harmful emissions. When was the last time you smogged a diesel. NOT even in the green state of California do you smog a diesel, though, I am of the understanding they are working on this. Remember, our diesel grades are ultra poor with too much sulfer in them. Also, the big oil companies do not want us getting better fuel mileage. We are the last country in WORLD that is extremely dependent upon gasoline. Brazil, as you know, uses fuel made from corn. The oil companies are keeping these great little diesels from us.
Posted by: William | February 20, 2006 at 01:46 PM
I heard they were building a Toyota (mile long) plant in the States. They are allegedly producing a diesel engine for production. This info came from a Dealership in Auburn Maine. I haven't confirmed this info. Please tell me it's true?
Still waiting for TACOMA Hilux in the U.S........
Posted by: Jeffrey Parshall | April 17, 2006 at 05:19 PM
I'm not sure what kind of legal BS you guys have down in the US regarding importing diesels, but somebody could do a lot of people a huge favor if they found out how to import Hilux's (tacoma equivilant), and landcruiser vehicles into the US. There is a company up here in canada called outback imports, check their website out. Seems they import these trucks from Japan. In Japan they don't have corrosion problems and redneck offroad drivers like me, so these trucks are in great shape dispite their age. If there is a will, there's a way.
Posted by: Andrew | May 14, 2006 at 03:31 PM
I love small to mid sized trucks. 2 years ago I traded in my 2000 Nissan Frontier(@25MPG) for a 2004 VW Golf TDI(@40MPG). I miss driving a truck. If toyota released a truck with a diesel engine tomorrow I would take on the negative equity to own one.
Posted by: Chad | May 15, 2006 at 07:24 AM
I had a 1998 Tacoma and loved the vehicle except I decided to move to a Diesel Dodge 3500. I love the Dodge yet it is very expensive to drive so last year I bought a 2000 VW Jetta TDI which I love and it gets 40 mpg.I run biodiesel in both of my vehicles. Though this vehicle is now my primary vehicle living in snow country makes it a disadvantage to drive in winter. If Toyota would import their deisel truck to the US I would by one. I remember I was in Costa Rica in 1993 and saw 4 door diesel Hilux. I do not understand why the US does not import small diesel trucks.
Posted by: Jonathan Paul | May 18, 2006 at 10:13 AM
It seems that there might be other factors at play with regards to this issue. I read that the oil industry is the largest in the world. Today the verdict was released on energy executives ken lay and shilling, and they may spend time in jail. This proves that the oil industry is anything but honest. I too am longing for a diesel powered Toyota pickup and it feels like we are being ripped off by greedy forces that are too great for any one person to handle. i send this message as a plea to anyone with ideas, money, or influence to help bring the subject of diesel power to the media. i would be good for people to know about the new quiet, clean, effecient technology. and also about the mass production of biodiesel from blue green algea.
Posted by: Greg Garcia | May 25, 2006 at 03:54 PM
I drove this toyota DieselIn Germany one the Autobahn. IT is very nice and very quick. But will we ever see it here. American auto indrustry and oil indrustry who now. America is not as free as Americans think it is.
danncas Pa. USA
Posted by: danncas | June 03, 2006 at 05:02 PM
I can certainly sympathise with all the posts above - However, being an avid Toyo fan I feel you're all being a little hard on the them. It's not the automakers fault that you don't get small manual tranny diesels in the US, but rather the fuel producers. The new ultra clean high-spec diesel motors being produced by various motor manufacturers all require ULSD (Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel) fuel - 15ppm or better. The (much cheaper to produce) low grade diesel - (300ppm or worse - used by large motor coaches & industrial equipment) will cause these new diesel motors to self destruct. SO until you can readily get a high grade diesel fuel, it's unfortunately very unlikely that any manufacturer will import these fantastic small diesel powered vehicles.
We've had exactly the same problem in our country until 3rdQ2005 when the new clean diesel fuel was made available at all gas stations. Now, these small diesels are flying off the showroom floors before they gather even a spec of dust.
Durban, South Africa
Posted by: Barry | June 06, 2006 at 01:46 PM
I concure with the above. As soon as we get the new ULSD here in the States, there will be more offerings I believe.
Anyone keeping tabs on that monster of a Cummins now at 6.7L? :)
I too own a 2001 VW Golf TDI...great engine, even with an auto trans, got 44mpg regularly in mixed traffic/freeway use. But remember, the VW 1.9 TDI is 70s technology! We need the ULSD to get the new improved engine equipment here. Even Honda has a PZEV Diesel engine waiting in the wings that was told to get around 60mpg highway in a civic, and mid 50s in an Accord.
One big issue I hope gets straightened out however, is for the family with 3 kids...who is going to produce the first SUV that runs on the new fuel? Ford dropped the Excursion...I've heard rumors of Dodge building an SUV on the Mega Cab Ram platform (HUGE!), and I've heard Chevy is toying with putting a Diesel engine back in the Suburban!
Oh if I only had $50,000 and a pen that worked...
Posted by: Sam Margulis | June 08, 2006 at 08:04 PM
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I wrote in March of this year and I will repeat myself. PLEASE MARKET A TOYOTA PICKUP WITH DIESEL. I own three gas jobs now, and really want to get in the 30's mpg on a 4x4 Tacoma. The U.S. in great need for this. I live in Maine. This State is very unfriendly towards diesels. The new common rail diesel will be just fine for me. I will travel to another state or Canada to purchase one........