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New BMW 3.0-Liter Diesels; New Implementation of Variable Twin Turbo Technology
3 October 2006
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| VTT on a BMW 6-cylinder diesel. Click to enlarge. |
BMW has introduced a set of new 3.0-liter diesels for the 3 Series, including the world’s most powerful straight-six diesel delivering 210 kW (286 hp) of power and maximum torque of 580 Nm (427 lb-ft).
Both engines feature all-aluminium crankcases that reduce engine weight by around 20 kg (44 lbs) and the latest generation of direct fuel injection with new injectors. The top end engine, applied in the 335d Coupé, Saloon and Touring, features Variable Twin Turbo Technology (VTT), introduced in the 535d in 2004.
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| Variable Twin Turbo technology for the straight six. Click to enlarge. |
The Variable Twin Turbo technology first activates a small turbocharger at low engine speeds, which, due to its low inertia, develops its power-boosting effect quickly. As engine speed increases, the second, larger turbocharger also picks up momentum and starts to boost power, enabling the engine to reach its maximum torque of 580 Nm at just 1,750 rpm, continuing all the way to approximately 5,000 rpm.
The turbine control flap distributes the flow of exhaust gas to the two turbochargers. At high engine speeds of up to 5,000 rpm the large turbocharger serves as the primary boost unit. Specially developed high performance engine electronics precisely control the process of transition and interaction of the two turbochargers.
This electronic control unit thus coordinates the entire system of turbines, the turbine control flap, bypass and waste gate as a function of the engine’s operating conditions.
The new fuel injection system features compact piezo-injectors and an injection pressure of 1,600 bar to ensure an even faster cylinder charge in the interest of enhanced performance. Particularly fine atomization of fuel serves to optimize the entire combustion process.
The opening angle of the jet needle is controlled to provide maximum injection volume very quickly and thus allowing up to five injection processes in each operating cycle. The injection volume, in turn, is adjusted to the power and performance required by the driver, including optimized pre- and post-injection.
The maximum output of the 3.0-liter top diesel has been increased by 10 kW or 14 hp over the 535d due to modifications in the injection system and on the exhaust manifold. The efficiency of VTT turbocharger technology is also enhanced by new rotors on the two turbochargers.
The 335d Coupé accelerates from 0 to 63 mph in 6.1 seconds, and has a top speed limited electronically to 250 kph (155 mph). Average fuel consumption for the 335d Coupé is 7.5 liters/100km (31 mpg US).
The lower-rated engine in the 325d develops maximum output of 145 kW (197 hp) and peak torque of 400 Nm (295 lb-ft) at 1,300 rpm. With its Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) turbo, the 325d Saloon accelerates to 100 kph in 7.4 seconds, and offers fuel consumption of 6.4 liters/100 km (37 mpg US).
October 3, 2006 in Diesel, Engines | Permalink | Comments (17) | TrackBack (0)
Comments
Posted by: zach | October 03, 2006 at 06:08 AM
Groundbreaking for BMW would be achieving 45 mpg with a 4 cylinder.
Posted by: fyi CO2 | October 03, 2006 at 06:31 AM
Or 100 mpg with a two-cylinder, turbocharged diesel, driving a generator at constant speed.
Posted by: Lucas | October 03, 2006 at 07:00 AM
A Cummins ISX 385 ST is rated at 565 horsepower, with 1850 lb-ft of peak torque. That dwarfs the BMW.
Posted by: Bike Commuter Dude | October 03, 2006 at 07:33 AM
Comeon, BMW was clearly referring to the most powerful engine of a car, not a truck or a ship. BMW is really a driving force in motor technology.
Posted by: Johannes | October 03, 2006 at 08:41 AM
fyiCO2 the 320 diesel (169 hp) gets 50 mpg (UK) on the combined cycle.
Posted by: clett | October 03, 2006 at 08:59 AM
Not to mention VW has plenty of 140hp TDI's that get around 45mpg. Nothing significant about getting 45mpg from a 4-cyl. The point here is that cars like the Honda Accord V6 and Toyota Camry V6 struggle to get even 25mpg combined. BMW makes as much or more power than those two and WAAAAAAY more torque while getting 30+ mpg.
Posted by: Sid Hoffman | October 03, 2006 at 09:09 AM
It's interesting to bring up the truck diesels as a comparison. First of all, why wouldn't you reference the Cummins 530 ISX ST as the benchmark? It produces 530hp and 1850ft/lbs of torque at a meer 2000 RPM. Since they would not fit under the bonnet of an automobile, the measure of power is relative. Even considering the Cummins 530 ISX ST, it produces trite 35.33hp per liter while the BMW produces 95.3hp per liter. That's roughly 2.7 times the power per liter. This is because the Cummins, or the CAT engine for that matter are 15.0L engines while the BWM is a mere 3.0L.
I thing the title is misleading, but the point is rather obvious: it's a automobile engine.
Posted by: Steve | October 03, 2006 at 10:42 AM
The ISX must make that 1850 ft-lbs at way lower RPM. Simple math tells us 1850 ft-lbs @ 2000rpm = 705hp.
(1850/5252)*2000 = 704.5.
If it makes that torque at 1400rpm or so then:
(1850/5252)*1400 = 493hp
That sounds about right since it probably starts to taper off after that, reaching peak power a little while later and probably having a flat 530hp from 1600 to whatever redline is. I'm sure someone that has access to the engine data would know for sure, but either way, the point was that it likely makes peak torque closer to 1400 than 2000rpm.
Back on the topic of automobiles, it's again worth pointing out the BMW probably makes far more power at 2500rpm than a naturally aspirated gasoline engine of equal displacement, such as the Accord V6. The Accord makes peak torque of 211 ft-lbs @ 4000rpm. Even if it has extremely flat torque delivery, it probably makes maybe 190 ft-lbs at 2500rpm, thus 90 horsepower at 2500rpm. The BMW with it's 427 ft-lbs probably coming on around that range would thus be making 203hp at 2500rpm - more than twice as much power, resulting in far fewer downshifts and a smoother delivery of passing power.
Posted by: Sid Hoffman | October 03, 2006 at 11:25 AM
Sid,
It is difficult to make the comparison due to the addition of the turbochargers on the diesel engine and the Accord is naturally aspirated.
Perhaps a 3.0L such as the 3000GT VR-4 is a better comparison even though it is tuned for different service and is 10 years old but it does use a 3.0L V-6 with a twin turbo arrangement. 315lb-ft of torque at 2500rpm = 150hp.
Posted by: Patrick | October 03, 2006 at 12:05 PM
> [4 cyl. up to 45 mpg!]
I have a '01 Golf TDI that gets 51-53 mpg on regular diesel, 46-48 on 100% biodiesel. This is an engine two or three long generations old - 1.9L, 4cyl, 2 valves per cylinder. Where's my 60-70 mpg piezo injectin', common-rail sportin' Golf V?!
-mt
Posted by: marshall | October 03, 2006 at 12:57 PM
If you want a sports car that will get good gas mileage and drive well then this is a new option. The relative story here is the BMW DIESEL SPORTS CAR. Diesel has alwast stood for funky odor and sluggish performance that shouts I'm a tightwad! That's ok if your a freight hauling company or power provider but not if your want a car to sell. Now with high pressure common rail injection, multipulse ignition, and now aftertreatment for exhaust diesel has grown up. Welcome to the new diesel. 5000 RPM from a diesel is big news! Hey if I had the money I would buy one and run a GreaseCar or Frybrid kit on it and run B100 to warm up. SVO is the best CO2 option we have. It's even better than B100. Now a little fiddling and some money give you free fuel and great performance with good mileage in a great car..... Drive all day in the mountains sunroof open for fun :-) If only it were in the US and I had the money :-(
Posted by: Andy | October 03, 2006 at 01:26 PM
Patrick, I selected the Camry/Accord because they are similar in size, weight, power, and class-leaders in fuel economy. According to fueleconomy.gov, the last year of 3000GT import was 1999. It was rated at 18/24 in turbo form for a non-weighted average of 22mpg. The power/torque at low RPM are thus close to the BMW, but the fuel economy is even further off the mark. I think turbodiesel engines may replace N/A V6's as the premium engine choice for many cars in the next 10 years. V8 torque, V6 horsepower, and 4-cyl fuel economy all from one engine.
Posted by: Sid Hoffman | October 03, 2006 at 01:26 PM
I do agree with that Sid, as long as they can get the emissions to meet the EPA requirements.
Then again I do see a place for 4-cyl, turbo, direct injection, variable valve timing & lift gasoline motors also as a replacement for V-6 engines as the "premium" engine choice. I doubt the average American agrees with me though.
Posted by: Patrick | October 03, 2006 at 02:17 PM
Anyone know what it would take to get these things to meet U.S. emission regs?
Posted by: John | October 03, 2006 at 08:56 PM
http://forums.vwvortex.com/zerothread?id=2851385
Honda and VW(look into the thread for the VW link) appear to be on target to bring 50-state light duty diesel by 2008-2009: non-urea/SCR NOx cats/traps. I'm sure the tech can be adapted/licensed to BMW, etc.
Posted by: joe | October 03, 2006 at 11:25 PM
BMW has said they're looking at urea-SCR to meet the NOx requirements for the US.
Posted by: Mike | October 04, 2006 at 08:44 PM
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"the world's most powerful straight-six diesel" delivering 286hp and 427 lb-ft?!!??? This is laugh out loud funny. Hey BMW, did anyone mention to you that trucks also use diesel engines? Usually straight-six diesels? I would imagine that something like the CAT C-17 or the Cummins ISX would hold the title of most powerful straight-six diesel, for road use. And I won't even get started on the cargo ship diesel engines, most of which are inline and some of which happen to have six cylinders.
Apart from that incredibly glaring mistake, it's nice to see this evolutionary improvement in BMW car diesels. I keep waiting for them to show up here in the USA.