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Forecasters Predict Active Hurricane Season in 2007

10 December 2006

Hurricaneconditionswithtextaugoct2006
The 2006 hurricane season was less active than expected. Click to enlarge. Source: NOAA

With the milder than expected 2006 hurricane season having ended just a week ago, the first of the 2007 hurricane forecasts have emerged.

Forecasters at Colorado State University predict above-average hurricane activity for 2007, following the dissipation of the El Niño conditions that led to a quiet hurricane season in 2006.

While the US faces another active Atlantic basin hurricane season in 2007, the forecasters expect fewer landfalling intense hurricanes than in 2005. The team’s first extended-range forecast for the 2007 hurricane season anticipates 14 named storms forming in the Atlantic basin between 1 June and 30 November. Seven of the 14 storms are predicted to become hurricanes, and of those seven, three are expected to develop into intense or major hurricanes (Saffir/Simpson category 3-4-5) with sustained winds of 111 mph or greater.

Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that hurricane activity in 2006 was lower than expected due to the rapid development of El Niño—a periodic warming of the ocean waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, which influences pressure and wind patterns across the tropical Atlantic.

The 2006 Atlantic hurricane season produced near-normal activity with a total of nine named storms, including five hurricanes, two of which became major hurricanes of Category 3 strength or higher. An average Atlantic hurricane season has 11 named storms, with six becoming hurricanes and two becoming major hurricanes. Unlike the past three seasons, the stronger hurricanes in 2006 stayed well out at sea, sparing the Americas and the Caribbean islands from major hurricane damage this season.

The CSU hurricane forecast team also predicts a 64% chance that at least one major hurricane will make landfall on the US coastline in 2007. The long-term average probability is 52%.

For the US East Coast, including the Florida Peninsula, the probability of an intense hurricane making landfall is 40% (the long-term average is 31%). For the Gulf Coast from the Florida Panhandle west to Brownsville, the probability is 40% (the long-term average is 30%).

Florida and the Gulf Coast were ravaged by four landfalling hurricanes in 2004 and 2005. Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne caused devastating damage in 2004, followed by Dennis, Katrina, Rita and Wilma in 2005.

Along with the forecast, the CSU team has updated the Landfall Probability Web site that provides probabilities of tropical storm-force, hurricane-force and intense hurricane-force winds making landfall at specific locations along the US East and Gulf Coasts within a variety of time periods. US landfall probabilities are available for 11 regions, 55 sub-regions and 205 individual counties along the US coastline from Brownsville, Texas, to Eastport, Maine.

Despite the increased activity, the CSU forecast team, led by William Gray, does not attribute the activity to climate change.

The hurricane team’s forecasts are based on the premise that global oceanic and atmospheric conditions—such as El Niño, sea surface temperatures and sea level pressure—that preceded active or inactive hurricane seasons in the past provide meaningful information about similar trends in future seasons.

For 2007, Gray and the hurricane forecast team expect continued warm tropical and north Atlantic sea-surface temperatures, prevalent in most years since 1995, as well as neutral or weak La Niña conditions—a recipe for greatly enhanced Atlantic basin hurricane activity. These factors are similar to conditions that occurred during the 1952, 1958, 1966 and 2003 seasons. The average of these four seasons had well above-average activity.

Despite a fairly inactive 2006 hurricane season, we believe that the Atlantic basin is in an active hurricane cycle. This active cycle is expected to continue for another decade or two at which time we should enter a quieter Atlantic major hurricane period like we experienced during the quarter-century periods of 1970-1994 and 1901-1925.

Recent or projected Atlantic hurricane activity is likely not linked to human-induced global warming. Despite the global warming of the sea surface that has taken place over the last three decades, the global numbers of hurricanes and their intensity has not shown increases in recent years except for the Atlantic.

—William Gray

Gray has said that it would be statistically unlikely that two years in the near-future hurricane seasons would have the number of US landfalling major hurricanes seen in 2004 and 2005.

The CSU conclusion about the link to climate change is disputed by some other climate researchers. In August, for example, James Elsner of Florida State University in Tallahassee published a study in Geophysical Research Letters in which he concluded that climate change is affecting the intensity of Atlantic hurricanes and projected that hurricane damage will likely continue to increase because of greenhouse warming.

Elsner examined the statistical connection between the average global near-surface air temperature and Atlantic sea surface temperature, comparing the two factors with hurricane intensities over the past 50 years. He found that average air temperatures during hurricane season between June and November are useful in predicting sea surface temperatures—a vital component in nourishing hurricane winds as they strengthen in warm waters—but not vice-versa.

Several recent studies have warned that human-induced climate warming has the potential to increase the number of tropical cyclones (hurricanes), and previous research and computer models suggest that hurricane intensity would increase with increasing global mean temperatures. Others, however, hypothesize that the relationship between sea surface temperatures and hurricanes can be attributed to natural causes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, an ongoing series of long-term changes in the sea surface temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Using detailed data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to monitor sea temperature anomalies over the past half-century, Elsner used a causality test to establish evidence in support of the climate change/hurricane intensity hypothesis.

I infer that future hurricane hazard mitigation efforts should reflect that hurricane damage will continue to increase, in part, due to greenhouse warming. This research is important to the field of hurricane science by moving the debate away from trend analyses of hurricane counts and toward a physical mechanism that can account for the various observations.

—James Elsner

Elsner’s research was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Risk Prediction Initiative of the Bermuda Biological Station for Research.

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December 10, 2006 in Climate Change | Permalink | Comments (13) | TrackBack (1)

Comments

The eternal question of climate change.

Yet another headline this morning on Breibart: "Hurricane threat for 2007 upgraded by scientific team". "There is a high (around 80 percent) likelihood that activity will be in the top one-third of years historically," the report stated. As I read the article, I am thinking – nothing different than the 2006 predictions, still last year turned out to be one of the quietest season in years. In fact, 2004 and 2005's forecast were high (turned out 04/05 were record high in top hurricanes) but never as high as the ones for 2006 and 2007. Why should we believe or even care about the new forecasts? Then reading more, I found out that the study is sponsored by the Reinsurance Industry. In pretty much everything these days, there is always an agenda behind any report, a motive. It is hard to believe doctors today knowing that their studies are paid by the pharmaceutical companies, as much as scientists, for whomever pays their checks. The worst the planet looks, the better it is for them. Sounds crazy? Unfortunately it is not that far stretch. Take for instance this report, paid by an industry that benefits from the possibility of destruction. The higher the forecast for hurricanes is, the higher the revenues. I remember John Stewart saying on television the day the Republicans won there second election, "The biggest winners – the Democrats!" Why, cause they had something to complain about for the next four years. Otherwise, they would have had to fix the mess left by the Republicans. The climate change issue sells big time right now. Anyone going against the popular belief is seen as a crazy-polluted-earth-insensitive person, no question asked. An attitude I find similar to the Republicans when they attacked anyone and declared them unpatriotic when they did not endorse the war in Iraq. Al Gore's movie surely helped fueled this frenzy – which finally led, last august, the Institute for Public Policy Research, a think tank agency in London, to qualify the coverage of climate change in the media as "Climate Porn". "It is appropriate to call [what some of these groups publish] 'climate porn', because on some level it is like a disaster movie," Mr Retallack told the BBC News website. "The public become disempowered because it's too big for them; and when it sounds like science fiction, there is an element of the unreal there."

Is the climate changing? Yes. I don't think anyone disagree. Do we have 5 years left before it is too late. I don't think so. In fact I find it absolutely sad to hear people, people that have a duty to rightly inform the public and do so in a way that inspires the population, to say things like: "It's too late, the planet is doomed". The other day I went to see the movie Bobby. There is a scene in the movie when Robert talks to a child about how bad pollution is and how New York will become a waste land is things don't change. That was 30 years ago. His words are no different that the ones used by Al Gore and other environmental alarmists. Pollution is less today then it was 30 years ago, and even more, the health of the rivers around Manhattan has never been better in the last 150 years. This is taken from Wikipedia: "Although cities like San Francisco or Portland, Oregon are most commonly associated with urban environmentalism in the United States, New York City's unique urban footprint and extensive transportation systems make it more sustainable than most American cities. The environmental organization SustainLane ranked New York highest of all U.S. cities with more than 1 million residents in its 2005 US City Rankings, a detailed report on city quality of life combined with indicators of sustainability programs, policies and performance. The organization cited New York's land use, density, transportation systems, innovative watershed management, and extensive local food and agriculture resources that include 750 community gardens and 64 farmers markets as some of the city's strongest environmental assets."

History is filled with examples of speeches about world condemnation, predicting the end of the world. Religion announcing the apocalypse, Environmentalists screaming the imminence of our planet's destruction, as far as 2000 years ago. Pollution is increasing in some places, and decreasing in others. Tree population is increasing in some places and decreasing in others. Part of the problem is not because we don't care, we do, I agree we all need to care more, but the fact is, it is a problem of population – are we going to implement control population laws? Not really. We will adapt and find solutions, like we have always done, when forecasts become realities, tangible and we know what we are dealing with.

Why is it now that sustainability is being accepted? Because it is market viable – the technology is there, the will is there, the knowledge is there. It is not because of climate change. Of course it is helping the momentum, but the forces behind the change are economic.

Posted by: daniel belanger | December 10, 2006 at 07:19 AM

While the US had it nice during 2006 huricane season, compared to 2005, Canada got the bad end of it. As storms recurved and avoided the East Coast, they hit/sideswiped the Canadian Maritimes. Bermuda was also knocked around and buzzed. Elsewhere, the hurricane season was more eventful, and destructive. The Philippines are going through another typhoon. The PRC had their own Katrina, but censorship blocked out some of the reports of breaucratic bunglings, and very high death tolls.

Posted by: allen_Z | December 10, 2006 at 07:56 AM

I haven't looked at what these studies carefully. But a graph published in the paper indicated they have predicted roughly the same level every year for about a decade. No large variations.

What does that mean? We can't know. It would be interesting to test whether the actual error would have been greater or less had they merely repeated the same forecast exactly every year during that time.

Posted by: K | December 10, 2006 at 10:16 AM

William Gray, mentioned above, thinks that global warming is a hoax.

Posted by: Robert Schwartz | December 10, 2006 at 03:53 PM

"We will adapt and find solutions, like we have always done, when forecasts become realities" -sounds like a great FEMA or Army Corp Engineers quote circa 2005.

New York City has 750 community gardens and 64 farmers markets = a remarkable food supply for 8 million people?

It's certainly simpler for some to keep faith in the status quo/Bill Gray.

Posted by: FYI co2 | December 10, 2006 at 07:43 PM

Robert Schwartz wrote: William Gray, mentioned above, thinks that global warming is a hoax.

That was a good article. My take on Gray? There's no fool like an old fool.

Posted by: George | December 10, 2006 at 07:51 PM

PS: New York City has never met the federal health standard for ozone and does not meet the new standard for particulate soot.

Posted by: FYI co2 | December 10, 2006 at 07:53 PM

Daniel Belanger wrote: In pretty much everything these days, there is always an agenda behind any report, a motive. It is hard to believe doctors today knowing that their studies are paid by the pharmaceutical companies, as much as scientists, for whomever pays their checks. The worst the planet looks, the better it is for them.

I can understand how it might seem that way, if you don't understand the science enough to evaluate the reports. Science reporting in the media is not uniformly good, and medical reporting is horrid. As for the reality of matters, though, I think your cynicism is overblown.

Posted by: George | December 10, 2006 at 07:56 PM

One word: guesswork.

Let's face it, meteorologists can't accurately predict the weather more than 5 days from now. Can anyone explain to me in a convincing way how anyone in the world will be able to accurately predict what the hurricane season will look like, considering it doesn't even start for at least a good 6 months???

Not to be a jerk, but we heard the same predictions about 2006. I remember hearing several times (and I believed it after seeing what 2005 was like) that 2006 was going to be a huge hurricane season, with several US mainland hits. Didn't happen. I wouldn't advise moving to the coast of Florida (ever), but I would say it is better to be skeptical of these predictions.

Truth is, no one knows until the hurricane season has already started. We'll find out at the end of the summer. Until then, it's guesswork.

Posted by: DB | December 10, 2006 at 10:40 PM

DB:
Not quite. Scientists (I mean real scientists, not GB suckers) have quite clear idea what are the prerequisites for next season hurricanes: ocean temperatures, energy balance, ocean currents trends, and alike. Naturally, all of these are no more then prerequisites, and their forecast is no more then probability of quantity and force of anticipated hurricanes. No one could predict how many of them will reach landfall and at what force.
These predictions are routinely used by impacted industries, but of course whatever we hear on newscast is pure dramatization and oversimplification.

But make no mistake, when the hurricane is already developed and scientists say “run” – you better run.

Posted by: Andrey | December 11, 2006 at 04:04 AM

I'll just watch El Nino, and see what will happen. It would be as good as their forecast until 2007 Atlantic hurricane season starts.

Posted by: allen_z | December 19, 2006 at 01:52 PM

I love hurricanes because I love to feel the fresh breeze through my hair.

Posted by: Bubba S | January 28, 2007 at 06:10 AM

I live in Florida and right now we are in a severe drought. The hurricane season helps us to get our water level to where we need it so that we are not on a perminent water restriction. As far as globel warming causing hurricanes to increas it is a known fact that due to the holes in our ozone layer, the flocarbins, the pollution, the large amout of fumes caused by cars and other factors we are creating this problem and we need to unite as one. Not only us but other countries that is creating the probles like China, Russia, the slashing and burning of the forests in central and South America. WE MUST ACT NOW. Stop the stupidity, the greed and TAKE A STAND UNITE AS ONE for our future and our children and grand childrens future. Remember this accranim SPAT which stands for Stop Polluting And Teach.

Posted by: Craig Wolf | May 14, 2007 at 07:21 PM

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