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Concentrations of Air Pollutants In Europe Constant Since 1997 Despite Drop in Emissions
13 November 2007
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| Percentage of the urban population in EEA32 potentially exposed to pollutant concentrations over selected limit/target values. Click to enlarge. |
Concentrations of ozone and particulate matter have not improved since 1997 despite substantial cuts in emissions of air pollutants across Europe, according to a new report from the European Environment Agency (EEA). The report, Air Pollution in Europe, analyses air pollutant emissions and their possible health and ecosystem impacts in Europe between 1990–2004.
Man-made emissions of all air pollutants fell substantially in the 32 EEA member countries, mainly due to the effectiveness of EU policies limiting air pollution from the power/heat generation sector, industry and from road transport. However, measured concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone have not generally shown any improvement since 1997.
High PM and ozone levels in the air, as observed in 2003, can also partly be explained by weather conditions, the report says. Reduced precipitation, high springtime temperatures and stable atmospheric conditions (all conditions which occurred in 2003) lead to higher pollutant concentrations in the air.
This factor will typically produce annual variations of 15–20 %, and is believed to have partly masked the effect of decreasing PM and ozone precursor emissions, according to the report. Other causes of this phenomenon could include additional pollution coming from natural sources and pollution transported from countries outside Europe, the report says.
Estimates indicate that up to 43% of the European urban population were exposed to PM10 concentrations in excess of the EU air quality limit value between 1990–2004. The worst affected areas were Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary as well as in the Po Valley in Italy and southern Spain.
Up to 60% of the European urban population was exposed to ozone concentrations in excess of the EU air quality limit values between 1990–2004. Exposure of crops and forests to ozone exceeded limit/critical values over very large areas of central and southern Europe.
Human exposure to certain other potentially harmful air pollutants, sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and lead, has decreased markedly due to effective European air quality policies. This is particularly true with policies reducing emissions of SO2 from power and heat generation as well as CO and lead emissions from passenger cars.
Resources
Air Pollution in Europe 1990-2004 (EEA Report No 2/2007)
November 13, 2007 in Emissions, Europe | Permalink | Comments (11) | TrackBack (0)
Comments
Posted by: marguerite manteau-rao | November 13, 2007 at 08:44 AM
For all those complaining about the strict US emissions standards which are hard to meet with diesels, just look at what diesels are doing to Europe. If you look at the report and search for diesel, you'll see multiple places where they blame the increased diesel vehicle share on multiple pollution problems. For examples, from "Key Messages" sections 3.3 on PM.
"The... situation is especially due to emissions from
the transport sector, where reductions resulting
from a shift to lighter fuels are counteracted by
an increasing share of diesel vehicles and rising
traffic volumes."
and
"There is an indication of a relative increase in
direct emissions of NO2 from road vehicles,
corresponding to an increase of the diesel
fraction of light duty vehicles."
THANK YOU CARB for not letting this happen here ! 50 state legal diesels are coming back to the US starting this year, and I'm happy about that, but only because the gov't has actually done their job for a change and made sure they'll be relatively clean. (Now if the gov't would only do something about the gas hogs, we'd actually get somewhere, but perhaps Peak Oil will take car of that soon).
Posted by: Karkus | November 13, 2007 at 09:16 AM
Anyone notice that what is written does not match what the graph shows?
Posted by: Joseph | November 13, 2007 at 09:34 AM
anybody know if the emissions of particulate matter,etc, from large ships burning "bunker fuel" to drive a steam turbine are of similar conern as that caused by burning it in a diesel? thanks,Richard C Burton
Posted by: Richard C Burton | November 13, 2007 at 11:57 AM
From looking at the sulphur line it appears that significant changes in pollution levels will come only from changes in the fuel. Cleaner air requires cleaner fuel.
Posted by: tom deplume | November 13, 2007 at 12:02 PM
It is surprising to see such wide differences in pollutants emission between countries.
Germany (and other countries) has done very well for a highly industrialized nation and should be properly compensated.
Iceland seems to be much talk and poor actions/results.
Turkey, Greece, Portugal and Chyprus should be called upon to redress and/or pay for the overall lack of success they had.
Canada would really look dreadful, even much worse than Turkey. Shame on us for polluting so much more than 15 years ago. Are we like Iceland...much talk and no actions? Should we pay for our inaction?
Posted by: Harvey D | November 13, 2007 at 01:46 PM
This data has little meaning. There is no discussion of HOW OFTEN the populatiosn has expereinced bad air.
It could be that in 1997 they had bad air every day for hours on end. And today they had bad air for 20 minutes one day a year. The stats would still say the same percentage of the population was expsoed to bad air. or the obverse could be occurring.
Nonsense reports based on nonsense data are not worth the effort to read themtorealize its BS.
If the report is a job justification of some agency, they might not want ot admit any progress even if there was cosniderable improvemnt tocontinue their budgets. OTOH, If the report was prepared by some agency that wanted to say they were doing magnificently well, they could point to the same percentage of the population seeing polluted air as they hide that now they breath it much of the time as opposed to only occasionally back then.
You can't tell the purpose of such a dumb report without a program. allyou can say is:
Garbage IN Garbage OUT.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | November 13, 2007 at 09:42 PM
This data has little meaning. There is no discussion of HOW OFTEN the populatiosn has expereinced bad air.
It could be that in 1997 they had bad air every day for hours on end. And today they had bad air for 20 minutes one day a year. The stats would still say the same percentage of the population was expsoed to bad air. or the obverse could be occurring.
Nonsense reports based on nonsense data are not worth the effort to read themtorealize its BS.
If the report is a job justification of some agency, they might not want ot admit any progress even if there was cosniderable improvemnt tocontinue their budgets. OTOH, If the report was prepared by some agency that wanted to say they were doing magnificently well, they could point to the same percentage of the population seeing polluted air as they hide that now they breath it much of the time as opposed to only occasionally back then.
You can't tell the purpose of such a dumb report without a program. allyou can say is:
Garbage IN Garbage OUT.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | November 13, 2007 at 09:43 PM
Nonsense!
GarBage IN GarBaGe out!
WAh! WaHH! Wah!!
Posted by: | November 14, 2007 at 12:19 AM
Stan:
You are largely off-base. The text of the report (pp. 30-50 or so) defines yearly exposure limits for each pollutant. These are often expressed in terms of: "No more than x days per year in which concentrations of pollutant y exceeded concentration z for at least q hours running." These exposure limits have been set at accord with Europe's best guess as to what are maximum "safe" exposures over time. It would seem that you did not take the time to peruse the report before firing off your response.
It may be true that this sort of chart masks certain forms of progress: e.g. in 1996 some fraction of the overexposed population may have been exposed to five times as many days as the standards call for, while the rest of the overexposed population was only exposed to twice as many days, whereas by 2006 there were no more areas which were five times overexposed, and everyone was just receiving twice the approved exposure. This development wouldn't come out in the chart. But the fact that an equal number of people are still overexposed -- as counted against a well defined and non-trivial standard -- is a relevant finding.
I would have preferred a chart that included either multiple levels (fraction of the population overexposed, fraction of the population massively overexposed, etc.), or a cumulative person-overexposures tally -- someone who was exposed to just the right number of days when pollution levels were just above the threshold would count once, while someone exposed to twice as many days, or to the same number of days but with concentrations twice as high, would count twice, etc. That would provide a little more color to these findings.
Posted by: NBK-Boston | November 14, 2007 at 07:23 AM
Large share of the PM emissions doesn't come from the engines, but from the tires and road. While engines have gotten cleaner, traffic volumes have increased and thus we don't see improvement in PM.
Posted by: jk | November 14, 2007 at 06:09 PM
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Thanks for the info. Yet another proof that when it comes to environmental phenomena, nothing is simple. We all need to work together, and attack the problem from all possible angles.
The simple truth is we all breathe from the same air pool. No frontiers there.
marguerite manteau-rao
green blogger
http://lamarguerite.wordpress.com