Green Car Congress
About GCC Contact  RSS Subscribe Twitter headlines

« Azure Dynamics’ Series Hybrid Shuttle Bus Successfully Completes Altoona Testing | Main | MAHLE and India Pistons Forming Joint Venture »

Print this post

New Research Casts Doubts on Efficacy of Ocean Fertilization as a Solution for Carbon Sequestration

29 November 2007

Research performed at Stanford and Oregon State Universities, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, suggests that ocean fertilization may not be an effective method of reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a major contributor to global warming. Ocean fertilization, the process of adding iron or other nutrients to the ocean to cause large algal blooms, has been proposed as a possible solution to global warming because the growing algae absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.

However, this process, which is analogous to adding fertilizer to a lawn to help the grass grow, only reduces carbon dioxide in the atmosphere if the carbon incorporated into the algae sinks to deeper waters.

This process, which scientists call the “Biological Pump”, has been thought to be dependent on the abundance of algae in the top layers of the ocean. The more algae in a bloom, the more carbon is transported, or “pumped”, from the atmosphere to the deep ocean.

To test this theory, researchers compared the abundance of algae in the surface waters of the world’s oceans with the amount of carbon actually sinking to deep water. They found clear seasonal patterns in both algal abundance and carbon sinking rates. However, the relationship between the two was surprising: less carbon was transported to deep water during a summertime bloom than during the rest of the year. This analysis has never been done before and required designing specialized mathematical algorithms.

By jumping a mathematical hurdle we found a new globally synchronous signal. This discovery is very surprising. If, during natural plankton blooms, less carbon actually sinks to deep water than during the rest of the year, then it suggests that the Biological Pump leaks. More material is recycled in shallow water and less sinks to depth, which makes sense if you consider how this ecosystem has evolved in a way to minimize loss. Ocean fertilization schemes, which resemble an artificial summer, may not remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as has been suggested because they ignore the natural processes revealed by this research.

—Dr. Michael Lutz, lead author

This study closely follows a September Ocean Iron Fertilization symposium at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) attended by scientists, international lawyers, policy makers, and concerned representatives from government, business, academia and environmental organizations.

Topics discussed included potential environmental dangers, economic implications, and the uncertain effectiveness of ocean fertilization. To date none of the major ocean fertilization experiments have verified that a significant amount of deep ocean carbon sequestration occurs. Some scientists have suggested that verification may require more massive and more permanent experiments. Together with commercial operators they plan to go ahead with large-scale and more permanent ocean fertilization experiments and note that potential negative environmental consequences must be balanced against the harm expected due to ignoring climate change.

During the Ocean Iron Fertilization meeting Dr. Hauke Kite-Powell, of the Marine Policy Center at WHOI, estimated the possible future value of ocean fertilization at $100 billion of the emerging international carbon trading market, which has the goal of mitigating global warming. However, according to Professor Rosemary Rayfuse, an expert in International Law and the Law of the Sea at the University of New South Wales, Australia, who also attended the Woods Hole meeting, ocean fertilization projects are not currently approved under any carbon credit regulatory scheme and the sale of offsets or credits from ocean fertilization on the unregulated voluntary markets is basically nothing short of fraudulent.

There are too many scientific uncertainties relating both to the efficacy of ocean fertilization and its possible environmental side effects that need to be resolved before even larger experiments should be considered, let alone the process commercialized. All States have an obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment and to ensure that all activities carried out under their jurisdiction and control, including marine scientific research and commercial ocean fertilization activities do not cause pollution. Ocean fertilization is ‘dumping’ which is essentially prohibited under the law of the sea.

—Prof. Rayfuse

The global study of Dr. Lutz and colleagues suggests that greatly enhanced carbon sequestration should not be expected no matter the location or duration of proposed large-scale ocean fertilization experiments.

The limited duration of previous ocean fertilization experiments may not be why carbon sequestration wasn’t found during those artificial blooms. This apparent puzzle could actually reflect how marine ecosystems naturally handle blooms and agrees with our findings. A bloom is like ringing the marine ecosystem dinner bell. The microbial and food web dinner guests appear and consume most of the fresh algal food.

—Dr. Lutz

This month, the London Convention (the International Maritime Organization body that oversees the dumping of wastes and other matter at sea) decided to regulate commercial ocean fertilization schemes. This gathering of international maritime parties advised that such schemes are currently not scientifically justified.

Strategies to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, including the enhancement of biological sinks through processes such as ocean fertilization, will be considered by international governmental representatives during the thirteenth United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Bali next month.

Resources

November 29, 2007 in Climate Change | Permalink | Comments (20) | TrackBack (0)

Comments

I knew it !!!

The 1st time I heard about this hair-brained idea, I too had my doubts.

I remember not too long ago when we were told that another Ice Age was coming. That was in the 1970s.

Now they've changed thier minds and say we're heating up. And it's all my fault because I drive a car.

They can speculate on what (if anything?) is really happening all they want. But the part that cheeses me off is that these so-called experts are helping to mold the political opinions of the naive and gullable.

Take the Kyoto Treaty for example. Why should I have to pay some third world country a penalty just because I happen to live in a productive society. Most of them cheat on thier reporting anyway.

And then there's Al Gore. What an air-bag he is.
He wants to cash-in, politically, on the fragile emotions of all the Environmental Retards out there.

His stupid film implies that Republicans are to blame for Global Warming. Rubish !!!!

Its amazing how many stupid Democrats fall for that nonsense.

Democrats love to play the E-Card.

They rely heavily on it because they have nothing else to offer.
Well, nothing execept for Socialism, of course....

Posted by: Patrick | November 29, 2007 at 02:38 PM

Yeah, yeah. The Democrats are all a bunch of commies. If partisan bickering has the potential to solve U.S. energy problems then we're set. :-)

Posted by: Mick | November 29, 2007 at 04:07 PM

"....so-called experts are helping to mold the political opinions of the naive and gullable."

Speaking of naive and gullible.....

Posted by: domenick | November 29, 2007 at 04:19 PM

Global warming is sadly, always been one of the political tools.

Its like "Look, vote me or amargadon is upon us!"

- - - - - - -

It is not that we dump a bit of fertilizer in the vast ocean and it will become a carbon pump.

Its like we drop an eye drop into an olympic size swimming pool and hoping that it will turn into green colour.

On the other side, if we do drop enough eye drop to make the swimming pool water into green goo, have we ever thinking about how to reverse the effect?

Posted by: rexis | November 29, 2007 at 05:50 PM

Patrick you are just a dumb AH

What is the connection between this fact and your political views ? which we don't care about by the way. This is not the place here to express your primitive political feeling. If you are so proud to be a republican you should propose your candidacy to uncle Sam as a soldier in Iraq, maybe you would feel that you are doing something good for the planet... Al Gore made a movie for peoples who are ready to forget their political opinion during 1 hrs and try to learn something and start to think instead of just reacting. Obviously you are not one of these people and that's fine, but don't blame people who are ready to think rather than denied before getting informed. Now about the productivity of america which you are so proud of, let me tell you that the productivity of american car industry and american basic industry in general is among the worse in the world, not mentionning the poor quality of their products, so stop masturbating yourself with this because your really look pathetic.

Posted by: Treehugger | November 29, 2007 at 08:49 PM

Oh thank goodness. Even if this worked, the other environmental costs of attempting this on a large scale ought to make it a blindingly obvious non-starter.

Conservation is just SO much cheaper than mitigation. Well, as it's turning out, and more and more companies are discovering, conservation is actually quite profitable...

Posted by: rob | November 29, 2007 at 09:04 PM

Its not a bad idea, dumping a couple thousand tons of iron into the oceans is might work at absorbing CO2 or it might do nothing, it could even cause some ecological problems but that not very likely.

Posted by: Ben | November 29, 2007 at 09:11 PM

I've got to admit, this looked cockamamie from the beginning. If it were implemented at a scale that would have a positive impact, the thousands of square miles of algae blooms would be a horrendous environmental problem.

Posted by: dollared | November 29, 2007 at 11:23 PM

This is something the requires more study, don't count it dead yet.

Posted by: Ben | November 30, 2007 at 06:50 AM

TreeHugger - You imply that 'Global Warming' is without a doubt - 'a fact'.

Maybe it is, maybe it isn't.
Just because Al Gore wants to be president - you are willing to swallow this so-called 'science'.

That stupid movie was full of scientic holes.

You are the naive that I speak of.

What is your response to the 'fact' that only a few years ago the same 'experts' were predicting another ice-age?

How can you trust any of thier so-called 'results'?

Posted by: Patrick | November 30, 2007 at 03:52 PM

Oh yeah, the trolling is great in these waters!!!

Posted by: sulleny | November 30, 2007 at 06:04 PM

Instead of hoping the algae will sink to the bottom and the carbon will not get recycled, it would be better if they developed a way trawling up algal blooms and turning that biomass into biodiesel and bioplastics. 70% of the sunlight falling on the planet, falls on the oceans. That is a lot of energy potential to use. Nutrient seeding of the surface water leading to algal blooms could end up boosting fish stocks as algae is the beginning of the food chain.

Posted by: Shane | December 01, 2007 at 02:49 AM

Patrick, Patrick, Patrick, You've been duped. United States energy policy was developed in secret by Dick Cheney and his industry cronies. Althought the public wasn't privy to what was discussed or even who was in attendance, we are reaping the fruit of those secret meetings. Now you blame the energy mess we're in on who? Al Gore? Some oceanographer investigating deep ocean sequestration? Here's a plan. Just fill up your 15 mpg suv with $4 a gal. regular and drive around listening to your ditto head talk radio. It's gonna take smarter people than you to get us out of the mess we're in. Your pathetic partisan ditto head trash talk isn't helping. :-o

Posted by: Mick | December 01, 2007 at 10:43 AM

Golly guys, didn't anyone read Neville Shute's "On the Beach"? Ocean killing algae blooms are the result of nuclear disaster. Carbon haters'll love the apocalyptic ending! Forget GHGs - we're all gonna die!

Posted by: Sulleny | December 01, 2007 at 10:48 AM

Mick,

WOW !!! Those Hollywood Liberal Retards have got you wraped around thier fingers. You'll believe anything they say, won't you???

Are you serious - "Dick Cheney developed our Energy Policy?" What a laugh.

If the Bush Administrations goal was to keep us addicted to oil, then why is his administration putting more money into alternative energy than all the previous administrations combined? (google: bush + 2003 speech to congress + energy)

Your comment make no sense.

Bush wants energy independence for the sake of national security, not for the sake of pleasing liberal tree-hugging twits.

The good news here is that, regardless of our motivations, we seem to be both aiming for a common goal. And thats all that really matters.

Also, I never blamed Gore for anything except using 'Green' as a political tool. That seems to be the trendy thing for politicians to do these day.

My only problem with Gore is that his stupid film was full of holes. Other than that, I wish him the best of luck with his trendy campaign.

Posted by: Patrick | December 02, 2007 at 07:38 PM

However, this process, which is analogous to adding fertilizer to a lawn to help the grass grow, only reduces carbon dioxide in the atmosphere if the carbon incorporated into the algae sinks to deeper waters.
OR if the biomass produced is used to produce fuel and replace fossil fuels.

Face it, most other biofuel feedstocks are too puny to make a difference. Using algae grown at sea OTOH, that could be HUGE.

Posted by: Engineer | December 03, 2007 at 11:45 AM

Cheney Energy Task Force:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_task_force

Posted by: Elliot | December 04, 2007 at 11:32 AM

For those people that think its all a conspiracy, Kyoto was negotiated in the Clinton era, long before. When Cheney was not anything more then a out-of-work retired Wyoming Senator.

Kyoto didn't pass then, when your chanpion a drp-out as a preacher man, Mr.Gore, was the Vice President of the USA. And all the Democrats were calling the shots.

The only thing those gentlemen accomplished, was to screw up the building of the ITER Fusion experiment that they said they supported. And thereby delayed the solution to the energy crisis by a decade or more. Its taken almost a decade to reverse their incompetence.

The reality that the global temperature rose all of 0.17 degrees C in the 20th century. Yet the difference that you, as a supposedly sentient being experience is probably a difference of 65 degrees C or so between a winter solstice day and a summer solstice day.

You couldn't tell the difference from 35.17 degrees C and 100.17 degrees than you could between 35 and 100 degrees, nor can most animals and plants that share you environment. Yet you don't seem to go extinct on a change of .17 degrees, nor do they.

To close that temperature gap that you have no problem adapting to every summer and winter, is a difference of 65 degrees or so. At the rate of 0.17 degrees per Century it would take roughly 382 centuries (38,200 years) or so for "global warming" to match that difference. For anything as simple as say 17 degrees, which might well be the difference that you experience everyday between day and night, would take 100 centuries of global warming to occur.

Don't you feel foolish when you realize, that the actual changes while true, are minute? Especially since the warmest days were 80 years ago and not now. As a matter of fact the global temperature hasn't varied measurably for the past decade, despite all that measured rise in CO2, in the atmosphere. Which may or may not be anthropomorphic in origin.

GHG is a valid scientific effect; its effect is grossly over estimated by the primitive science of the 1970s and 1980s. The Science of the 21st century increasingly says the true power of the effect is much tinier.

Nonetheless, the theology majors and the PR flacks, are trying to convince you the Emperors New Clothes are simply wonderful; especially when woven with the ultra sheer invisible thread. Just line up and pay your taxes, to buy some more changes of New Clothes for the Emperor.

Are you skeptical enough to see that the Clothes don't exist, or are you in awe of this multi-color magic invisible cloth, they flack about?

Posted by: Stan Peterson | December 05, 2007 at 07:47 PM

Stan - That was brilliant!!!

You have encapsulated what I've been trying to say perfectly.

Liberal Retards who are taken in by the Al Gores and Rosie O'Donnels of the world are just plan stupid.

They want to tax us to death. That's what the Kyoto Treaty is all about when you really get down to it.

Libtards are OK with this.

And why wouldn't they be - they are all about Socialism anyway.

Remember this - Socialism is only one train stop short of Communism.

And thats where the Democrats want to take us.....

Posted by: patrick | December 06, 2007 at 09:00 AM

Patrick,

I consider my self an American, and vote only for political party candidates, who support the American political system.

The Democrat Party, of which I was a former member, has now been captured by an anti-American elite, bent on replacing a Democratic Republic with a phantasmagoria of a "guided Democracy" by the "elite". Moreover an elite not selected as America always has, of an elite of merit or luck, but by a self-appointed aristocratic elite, who "know better". These elitist "know-betters" are both more stupid, more ignorant of how the world really works, and more cynical then any body I ever met.

The last time a group regarded themselves as uniquely qualified to "guide humanity", acting as Philosopher Kings, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and its Politburo, created a Hell on Earth in the Eastern Bloc, until the People rose up and threw them out.

We don't need to duplicate that experience and we are not doing so.

The latest attempt, via this ridiculous pseudo-scientific claptrap of Anthropomorphic Global Warming via CO2, is dying of its own inherent contradictions. It just takes time for Science to marshal the facts and contradict the suppositions. You just have to be an open minded Scientist to hear its preliminary death rattle.

I'm certain of its falsity, and the IPCC itself, has laid the theoretical foundations to discard this pseudo-Science by proven 21st century Science. No one ever reads the real IPCC Reports produced by the Scientists and not the summaries prepared by the politicians and bureaucrats. The "elite" are too both too stupid, and too self-interested to do so. As for everyone else, the UN cynics purposely stack the deck by publishing conclusions before the facts. As Dodgeson satirized in in Alice in Wonderland, the Red Queen demands "Sentence First! Verdict later."

The next IPCC interim report is due around about 2012.

By that time the power of CO2 to alter the climate will have shrunk, and disproved beyond all doubt on pure scientific grounds. The evidence is already in though, and no longer be tenable on any basis. The IPCC has publicly declared it will take public positions confirming that, without last minute contradictory evidence, to less than 5-10% of what was originally feared.

Then the rise of 0.17 degrees per century will have been helped by about ten percent of 0.017 degrees per Century by the rise of CO2. From a smidgen of a trace, C02 has risen to a slightly greater smidgen of a trace. Who cares if CO2 can raise the global temperature by, all of 0.017 degrees per century? It would take ten thousand years to raise the temperature more than a single degree. You, and every other plant and animal experiences that much of a change daily over a few hours. None go extinct from such a minute change. You would be hard pressed to even recognize the difference.

With the coming death of AGW, I'm sure these elites will dream up some other basis by which they should be self-appointed to Lord it over everyone else. But the good sense of We Americans, if no one else, are available to act as the vaccine.

Regards,

Stan

Posted by: Stan Peterson | December 11, 2007 at 12:50 PM

Post a comment
[Please keep comments on topic. Disagreement is fine; insults, abuse or wild diversions are not. Comments not meeting those standards will be deleted. Abuse of another commenter’s email address will result in the banning of the offender from this site. In an attempt to prevent the posting of insulting and abusive comments, this site maintains a list of prohibited words and phrases, which, unfortunately, grows with time. Including one of the prohibited words or phrases will flag the comment as “spam”, and it will be blocked.]

Green Car Congress only allows comments from registered users. To comment, please Sign In.

TrackBack

TrackBack URL for this entry:
http://www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c4fbe53ef00e54fa4438f8834

Listed below are links to weblogs that reference New Research Casts Doubts on Efficacy of Ocean Fertilization as a Solution for Carbon Sequestration:

Green Car Congress © 2009 BioAge Group, LLC. All Rights Reserved. | Home | BioAge Group