Electric batteries are the key to Plug-In-Hybrid vehicles which can reduces carbon release per mile and reduce the energy cost of operating a car. The ZEBRA battery has been available for ten years, and still has performance equal or better than L-Ion batteries. Iron and steel are used in large quatities in ZEBRA batteries, and the question must be asked why the steel industry is not supporting it. Even in the present ZEBRA batteries, some iron is used to provide power. The Industry might well support an effort to convert the battery to use all iron for the Nickel now being used. The cost of the Nickel does not, however, represent a large part of the cost of the battery even at high nickel prices. The hundred watts or so, required to keep the battery hot inside its highly insulated case, is compensated for by the higher efficiency in operation. Modern materials, including steel, allow for the construction of engine-chargers that can be lifted out of the vehicle with one hand that are adequate for full speed operation with a nearly dead battery.(see OPOC)Hybrids are needed because no battery can equal the energy density of hydrocarbon-liquids and the ease of refueling. Electro-hydraulic hybrids are probably the least costly and lightest weight solution. Steel pressure tanks can even be used for the hydraulic fluid and air. Hollow structural elements can store air as do the hollow bones in birds. Hydrocarbon fuels can be made from captured CO2, water and heat. Super focused sunlight might provide the heat. The same power plants, that produce electricity, could produce hydrocarbon liquids as well. If you had a reverse fuel cell that made gasoline out of electricity, at ten cents per kilowatt-hour, the energy in a gallon of gasoline would cost $3.50, but if stored instead in a ZEBRA battery the same electricity would take you 170 miles because electric motors are several times more efficient. Do not use electricity to produce hydrogen for cars; store the electricity in ZEBRA batteries that are more efficient and less costly than fuel cells. For longer range, use liquid fuels; most cars will seldom need to. Sodium-Sulphur batteries, the parent of ZEBRA batteries, are produced in small qualtities for grid load leveling and could be used as a high power source at service stations or at home for very rapid charging of any type of battery, but diesel flows much more quickly. ...HG..