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Toyota Adds New 2.0-Liter D-4D Clean Power Diesel to Avensis Line

Toyota has introduced a new 2.0-liter D-4D 125 diesel engine into its Avensis line in Europe. This brings to number of new-generation D-4D Clean Power engines to three. (Earlier post.)

The D-4D 125 engine develops 93 kW (125 hp) and 300 Nm (221 lb-ft) of torque with the torque output flat from around 2,000rpm to 2,800rpm. Engine power output is up by 9% and maximum torque is up by 7% compared to the outgoing 2.0-liter D-4D.

With a six-speed manual transmission as standard, top speed of the Avensis D-4D 125 will be 200 km/h (124 mph) and acceleration to 100 km/h (62 mph) will take 10.6 seconds. In the mid-range, acceleration from 80-120 km/h (50 - 75 mph) takes 12.0 seconds.

Fuel consumption on the European combined cycle for the sedan runs from 5.5 to 5.8 l/100km (43 to 41 mpg US) depending upon the emissions aftertreatment system, with CO2 emissions from 146 to 152 g/km.

The new 2.0-liter D-4D 125 engine is based on the same block and uses the same technology as the 2.2-liter engines in the range, but benefits from reduced weight and reduced engine capacity, resulting in improved fuel efficiency.

As with the 2.2 D-4D, the engine block and cylinder head are all aluminium but the piston stroke has been reduced to 86mm to achieve the smaller capacity. The increase of performance by 9% was achieved by an improvement in the combustion process.

Key features such as low compression ratio (16.8:1, matching the D-4D 150), increased common rail pressure (1,700 bar) and ultra-fine fuel injection allow more efficient combustion and reduce engine smoke, along with supporting an increase in power. Engine performance is further boosted with a high performance variable nozzle turbocharger (VNTurbo) and an increased efficiency intercooler.

The new D-4D 125 engine will be available with two emissions aftertreatment systems to suit market conditions across Europe. A D-4D 125 with diesel particulate filter (DPF) will be suitable for countries where incentives are in place for low particulate emissions. Other countries may wish to adopt the D-4D 125 with an oxidation catalytic converter (CCo).

Both engines comply with current Euro-4 diesel emission regulations and offer the same output and performance, alathough a slight variation in fuel consumption. The D-4D 125 CCo has the lowest CO2 emissions of any 2.0-liter diesel in the segment at 146 gm/km.

The self-cleaning DPF—developed from the system used in Toyota’s D-CAT technology, already available on the Avensis D-4D 180—has the ability to reduce particulate emissions by 80%. NOx emissions are reduced by the rapid response of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve which is now activated by a fast solenoid motor.

The different emission systems require a different approach to fuel injection strategy and exhaust technology. Solenoid injectors have been developed for both engines.

D4d1251
D-4D 125 DPF with extra injector. Click to enlarge.

The DPF engine is equipped with one additional injector, which injects fuel into the exhaust port to enrich the exhaust mix and stimulate the self-cleaning process in the particulate filter.

As a further enhancement, ceramic glow plugs are used on the DPF engine. They enable the plug to reach its operating temperature more quickly, reducing any white smoke and improving start times in cold weather.

The D-4D 125 CCo uses a conventional diesel oxidation catalytic converter for emissions reduction. Without the need to stimulate particulate cleaning, the CCo engine is not equipped with the additional exhaust port injector. The CCo engine is equipped with metallic glow plugs which are most suitable for this level of operation.

The Toyota Avensis has been a sales success since its launch. Toyota sold more than 144,180 Avensis units in Europe in 2005, representing just over 9% of all Toyota sales. Of those, 44% were diesel.

Emissions Comparisons (g/km)
  Euro 4
Diesel
D-4D 125
CCo
D-4D 125
DPF
D-4D 150 D-4D 180
D-CAT
CO (Carbon Monoxide) 0.50 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.11
NOx (Oxides of nitrogen) 0.25 0.2 0.19 0.237 0.11
HC (Hydrocarbons) 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.15
PM (Particulate Matter) 0.025 0.019 0.002 0.020 0.002

Comments

Rafael Seidl

Good to see Toyota expanding its diesel line-up. They only offer a single Lexus model with a diesel so far, but all Toyota models except the Aygo subcompact and the Prius are available with diesels.

Increased competition from the Far East will force European carmakers to once again focus on the initial quality of their vehicles. The most recent J.D. Power survey on initial quality gave all European brands (except Porsche) that are active in the US market poor marks for either functional design or manufacturing quality (or both).

Carmakers that are not active in the US, such as Citroen PSA, Renault and Fiat are not known here for Japanese levels of quality, either. However, their cars are not as overloaded with features as those of their German competitors VW, Mercedes-Benz and BMW.

allen zheng

One could see the battle of the clean diesels fought first in Europe, then in the US, leaving Detroit in the dust if they don't get their act together.

Andrey

Allen:

You mean for light-duty diesel. Main battle for clean heavy-duty diesel is happening in US.

Lou Grinzo

Allen: I think that's exactly how the light diesel situation will unfold, at least until the car companies selling in the US get over their "Americans won't buy diesels" silliness.

allen zheng

Si.

Mark A

Lou, we have been over this "Americans wont buy diesels" crap over and over on this website. Pure nonsense. The reason diesels dont sell here is because of the strict emission standards for California and 4 other states. Currently, I think there is only one car available for sale in these 5 states, and it does it passes with some sort of urea injection. Very inconvenient for the average "Joe" driving a diesel. OK for the diligent diesel owner who would maintain their car correctly.

Diesels in the US have a way to go before they are accepted, or, the regulations need to be lowered.

NBK-Boston

Lou states that the problem is that "American's won't buy diesels."

Well, the problem really is that Americans *can't* buy diesels, in the sense that very strict emissions regulations currently in place in the five-state CARB area (and soon to be in place in the rest of the country) basically prohibit the sale of most diesel light duty vehicles of the sort that have taken Europe by storm.

Americans might buy diesels, if the vehicles and the regulations can be tailored to permit a wide range of affordable models to be put on sale here. The state of current diesel regulations in the United States is a large and well-explored topic in this forum, and I will decline to rehash it too much now.

allen zheng

Gm already has diesel electric hybrids, they are just in buses, not cars. Management bolo'd the call.
_They also sold off their diesel electric locomotives division just as the market for rail freight took off. Then there are the defence sector divisions that they sold off, as well as DirectTV.

Lucas

We need to keep in mind that a major reason that Americans are down on Diesels is because of the damage GM did by producing a bunch of junk twenty years ago.

Takes years to build a repurtation. Only a second to ruin it.

Dursun

"Main battle for clean heavy-duty diesel is happening in US."
Oh really?? Well then Detroit is a spectator.

fred@dzlsabe.com

It makes my brain hurt. How EPA can demand bin5T2 NOx of .05g/m when the fuel required to even have a chance to meet this really(STILL)isnt available yet. Even Euro5 is doable at .2g/km. Then theres the debate on just how bad an actor NOx really is. EPA/CARB-quit sniffing the calibration gas.

Tony Chilling

Unless scientists suddenly discover diesel emissions are a cure for cancer, diesel cars will not sell because the engine is not sexy enough for Americans.
Would an American buy a diesel powered convertible? No!
Would an American buy a diesel powered truck? Yes!
We still have a sense of Fashion.

Andrey

Diesel cars are stil sold here in Canada. They are not very popular, because in market not distorted by artificial fuel overtaxing diesel car should travel at least 50K km a year (double the average rate) to produce some savings. I do not even touch smoke, smog, noise, turbolag, nose-heavy understeer, anemic engine braking, etc.

JRod.

There are some good reasons not to buy a diesel, but these aren't it:


"I do not even touch smoke, smog, noise, turbolag, nose-heavy understeer, anemic engine braking, etc."


A new diesel engine shouldn't be smoking now, and definately not when ULSD is implemented.

I don't know what smog means in this context.

Modern diesels may be slightly louder at idle, but in some cases (MB) are actually quieter at speed.

Turbolag, have you ever ridden in a car with a new diesel? It is pretty nice having full torque from 1750.
Sure you are not going to take anyone off the line, but what grownup needs to do that anyway? If you want to merge on the freeway you won't have a problem.

Nose heavy understeer is a new one on me. Should take an engineer about 15 minutes to correct for that.

Anemic engine braking, WTH? Do you need a jake brake on your car?

JRod.

Andrey

Allen:
Detroit (luckily) has nothing to do with heavy-duty (big rig) engines. Main players are Caterpillar, Cummings, and whole bunch of European companies like Volvo, Man, Scania, etc. They are working hard to comply with incredibly tough emission regulations, way more stringent then in EU. Look, for example at dieselnet.com for reference.

JRod:
Modern diesel does not produce visible smoke, but still emit a lot of harmful diesel soot.
Also diesel engines emit 10 times more NOx – smog forming pollutant.
I did drive couple of modern diesels in Europe, and found them to be OK for regular driving. For anyhow performance driving diesel is inferior. Automatic transmission, most popular in US, have nice habit to double effective engine torque at stand-still start - beyond tire grip, so advantage of low-end torque (inherent to any turbocharged engine, gas or diesel) is not of such advantage here.

jPadula

Look, I do not like diesels for cars since they can not yet meet PZEV level emissions.
But if you think diesels can not be fast, please know 2 diesel cars came in first and third in the 24 hour Lemans race last week.

MH

It's true that Diesels have a greater NOx emissions, but they also have lower emissions for other dangerous things like benzene that is very carcinogen. The higher NOx emissions are also offset by lower HC emissions, so the potential to provoque smog is not tenfold like Andrey sugested.

Some years ago I had the chance of driving my friend's Audi A4 with gas engine (V6 3 Litre and 220Hp), I was expecting a total diferent world from my modest 1.9 Liter TDI (4Inline 110Hp), but no, my TDI had more aceleration (at least it felt like that) in normal driving conditions. Of course at 160kph the Audi was still far from the red line and could easly acelerate to the 230kph, my TDI toped at 195kph. These speeds are all far from legal speed limits and aren't used often. The main point is that diesels give to the "normal" driver a better experience, the engine looks much bigger and the mileage it's very good (average 40mpg), and when you have to pay 6$ per gallon the diesel clatter (at idle) it's not so bad.

About torque converters, it's true that they multiply the torque during launch, but after that any degree of slip reduces efficiency, some converters have a lockup mechanism so you loose that advantage, diesels keep that grunt power for a large rev band. The BMW 535d give 400nm at 1000rpm, from 2000rpm to redline you have 560Nm and it's "just" a 3 Litre 6pot.

Graciela

Can Toyota C-4D 125 DPF w/extra injector be installed in an '82 VW Vanigan??

Tom DC/VA

"The reason diesels dont sell here is because of the strict emission standards for California and 4 other states."

I wonder if CARB or at least the 4 NE states could be persuded to back off for diesel engines smaller than 1.5L. I'm all for clean air but I am also for greenhouse gas reduction, and encouraging the sale of small diesels in the US strikes me as something that should be persued.

JH

I'd like to know whose fuel injection system Avensis(D-4D 125) uses and those specifications.
Detailed materials will be very nice~ about injectors, HP pump, rail, EGR valve and so on~

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