Nissan Developing SULEV Diesel
06 August 2007
The Nissan SULEV diesel features MK combustion and a new HC-NOx trap. |
Nissan Motor is developing an advanced diesel powertrain that includes a new HC-NOx trap for emissions control that may be able to meet California’s standard for super-ultra-low emission vehicles (SULEVs). Nissan plans to do further research and development of the clean diesel technology for commercial application in its future products.
To meet the SULEV standards, hydrocarbons (NMOG) in vehicle emissions must be exhaust reduced by about 90% and NOx levels must be reduced by 70% versus US Tier2 Bin5 and California LEV standards.
Emissions Standards, 120,000 miles/11 years g/mile | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | NMOG | CO | NOx | PM | HCHO |
US Tier 2 Bin 5 | 0.090 | 4.2 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.018 |
CA LEV | 0.090 | 4.2 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.018 |
CA SULEV | 0.010 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.004 |
Nissan has already announced plans to introduce a 50-state, Tier 2 Bin 5 diesel engine in the United States for use in the Nissan Maxima in 2010. The passenger car will be powered by an all-new Alliance engine co-developed with its partner Renault. (Earlier post.)
The SULEV diesel uses three main components to achieve its emissions status: a modulated-kinetic (MK) combustion regime to reduce engine-out NOx and PM, high-performance catalysts in the new trap technology, and advanced engine control systems to deliver more precise control of oxygen in the exhaust for better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.
MK combustion, developed by Nissan, is one of several new low-temperature, non-sooting combustion regimes being explored to reduce emissions from diesel engines while maintaining their high efficiency.
An analysis of MK combustion by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory notes that:
MK is achieved by increasing EGR to a relatively high value (~30%) while at the same time delaying fuel injection (from ~7° BTDC for regular diesel combustion to ~3° ATDC for MK) and increasing the swirl ratio (from ~3 to ~5). These operating conditions increase the ignition delay, allowing the injection process to be concluded before ignition occurs. At these conditions, significant air-fuel mixing occurs before combustion, resulting in nearly homogeneous combustion that produces low soot and low NOx. As in the case of SRDC [Smokeless Rich Diesel Combustion, developed by Toyota], MK is limited to low power conditions due to the need for a short injection process that can be concluded before ignition occurs.
Nissan’s Hydrocarbon-Oxides of Nitrogen (HC-NOx) trap catalyst technology incorporates a HC-trap layer in the NOx-trap catalyst. The HC-trap layer traps the HC which is oxidized to generate hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which in turn react with the NOx gases trapped by the NOx-trap layer to produce nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases, in addition to water vapor (H2O) as end products. The chemical reactions effectively reduce HC and NOx resulting in cleaner tail-pipe emissions.
Structure of the HC-NOx-trap catalyst and emission control system. Click to enlarge. |
With this new HC-NOx trap catalyst technology, Nissan believes it will be able to achieve cleaner diesel emissions in future vehicles that will meet the stringent SULEV-standards set by the state of California.
Under the Nissan Green Program 2010, Nissan has announced plans to expand clean diesels to surpass current emission standards.
Nissan also announced that it will launch a new clean diesel engine for use in the X-TRAIL sport-utility-vehicle in Japan in the fall of 2008.
Resources:
Does this trap need to be serviced at some point to maintain its effectiveness?
Posted by: jack | 06 August 2007 at 07:51 AM
the question is: what will the resulting mileage be?.. I bet it will be lowered..
Posted by: Herm Perez | 06 August 2007 at 08:55 AM
That looks like it will be an expensive system. I'm also wondering if fuel economy will be lowered by it, and what kind reliability it will have.
Posted by: toyo | 06 August 2007 at 01:06 PM
This is a great advance in emissions technology and of great importance.
One of the concerns with allowing diesels on American roads in numbers, is that we would be taking a step back to dirtier cars, even with mandating T2B5.
If a fleet of "clean diesels", T2B5 compliant vehicles, started to be included in the fleet in substantial numbers, the US air would get dirtier.
That is right, even with T2B5 diesels, the US air would get worse.
That is why I fully support the T2B5 standards here in the USA. Even though EU apologists assert loudly for their "cleaner" diesels; and say that EU cities do NOT stink of diesel, when it is plain to any visitor whose nose hasn't adopted to diesel STINK, can smell that they do.
EU apologists say their current diesels are "cleaner".
"Cleaner" than what?
A gasoline ICE from the 1960s, without any emissions equipment at all? NO the EU4 and EU5 diesel standards are NOT better than an unregulated 1960's vintage gasoline car. When in the far distant future the EU actually promulgates an EU 6 diesel standard, it will still be much "dirtier" than T2B5 for which it purports to be an equivalent.
The T2B5 "standard" fro diesels, is only similar to first generation catalytic converter equipped gasoline autos from the mid 70's.
This Nissan progress with HCCI and their own emission system holds the prospect of getting diesels to near the present standards for modern gasoline ICE autos.
Gasoline ICE standards are poised to make another advance, if CARB or the EPA gives credit to the automakers for incorporating better emissions equipment. As it stands now, any automaker incorporating an ICE ZEV standard, would just raise the cost and price of his vehicles; and make them less competitive against his rivals. But most auto makers say they can meet a tougher than existing standard, almost immediately.
CARBites are fixated on FCV and mandating they be built just like the lead-acid BEVs of 1990 fiasco, and uninterested. The Dumbocrats in Congress working on an Energy bill are all stupid lawyers, who wouldn't be able to find their own ass with both hands, so they are oblivious to the possibilities.
An American diesel fleet equipped with the Nissan SULEV II emissions systems, (say T2B1 ?), would at least NOT make the air much "dirtier", than the air we have painfully worked to clean, and have now obtained.
I suspect this technology is a decade away from maturity. HCCI is a requirement it seems; and that is tough to do, as all the world's manufacturers work hard to accomplish it. But it shows what can be achieved with technology advance.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | 06 August 2007 at 01:15 PM
t2b1 would mean no emissions
Posted by: Sebastian | 06 August 2007 at 01:30 PM
Sebastian,
You are correct. But T2B2 is more polluting than SULEV II PZEV. So a new set pf specifications is needed, T2 B1.5 ??
The specs are as followa:
NMOG CO NOx PM HCHO
SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 0.01 0.004
T2B2 0.010 2.1 0.02 0.01 0.004
T2B1 0 0 0 0 0
and
T2B5 0.090 4.2 0.07 0.01 0.018
I have included the specs and the T2B5 as well. I didn't have the time to research EU4 EU5 (forthcoming) and EU6 some day in the future standards. But as I recall, the EU6 (2018 (?) standard) almost conforms to T2B5 except allowed NOx is much, much higher.
Meanwhile Back in FantasyLand:
The CARBite idiots are still mandating impossibilities.
In 2009-2011 2,500 FCV must be sold in California.
In 2012-2014 25,000 FCV must be sold in Califoronia. And
In 2015-2017 50,000 FCV must be sold in California.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | 06 August 2007 at 09:18 PM
Stan,
I dont know where you get off with your statements.
"That is why I fully support the T2B5 standards here in the USA. Even though EU apologists assert loudly for their "cleaner" diesels; and say that EU cities do NOT stink of diesel, when it is plain to any visitor whose nose hasn't adopted to diesel STINK, can smell that they do."
Plain you say? I'm an American and have spent plenty of time in Euro cities, heavily populated with diesels. The cities dont stink of diesel, period. In some areas, sure, there may be odors, especially in dense urban areas with high traffic, but it's hardly horrible, and that's generally the exception. Also, it only takes a few older diesels to cause issues - you can't conclude anything about having a fleet of purely late model diesels.
"NO the EU4 and EU5 diesel standards are NOT better than an unregulated 1960's vintage gasoline car."
Who do you think youre kidding? You think our air would be much better off with say all 60s era unregulated gassers, vs all EU5 diesels?? Especially assuming any reasonable engine aging process??
I don't know where these attitudes come from.
And who "purports" EU6 to be equivalent to t2b5??
For someone who recognizes how backasswards CARB is, you sure seem to cling to the notion that gasoline standards are "the standard" of reference. It doesnt take binoculars to see the questionable emissions regulation compromises made for gas engines. Are you really that naive?
For example, apart from soot, the mostly-uncontrolled exhaust on my late-90s USA-spec TDI is cleaner than a lot of 80s-era cars, especially over engine life (i.e. in current running condition).
I also wonder if you consider the important and direct reduction in critical evaporative emissions that would result from having diesels in "substantial numbers." I dobut it even crossed your mind.
Posted by: joe blow | 07 August 2007 at 01:19 AM
...An American diesel fleet equipped with the Nissan SULEV II emissions systems, (say T2B1 ?), would at least NOT make the air much "dirtier", than the air we have painfully worked to clean, and have now obtained....
Stan - I guess I don't follow your point here. Would not make the air "much dirtier"?
Certainly you’re not suggesting that a diesel vehicle that meets SULEV criteria is “dirtier” than a gasoline vehicle that meets SULEV criteria, or PZEV for that matter, are you?
Posted by: Carl | 07 August 2007 at 05:48 AM
"The Dumbocrats in Congress working on an Energy bill are all stupid lawyers, who wouldn't be able to find their own ass with both hands, so they are oblivious to the possibilities."
Sweet! More partisan political rhetoric taking the conversation to the breathtaking intellectual heights of a debate between Anne Coulter and Cindy Sheehan.
Posted by: Bob Bastard | 07 August 2007 at 06:15 AM
"The Dumbocrats in Congress working on an Energy bill are all stupid lawyers, who wouldn't be able to find their own ass with both hands, so they are oblivious to the possibilities."
Sweet! More partisan political rhetoric taking the conversation to the breathtaking intellectual heights of a debate between Anne Coulter and Cindy Sheehan.
Posted by: Bob Bastard | 07 August 2007 at 06:15 AM
Re the Dumbocrats comment:
Stan, pretty clear you don't have the facts on your side. What would be the state of play without regulation of emissions and mileage?
What is your recommended policy regime?
Posted by: Dollared | 07 August 2007 at 01:11 PM
Stan the troll said
"Dumbocrats in Congress working on an Energy bill are all stupid lawyers"
The D's are not the only stupid ones in DC these days.
The 1973 Oil Embargo was a warning shot across the bow, that we need to get off our oil addiction. It has been widely ignored by D's and R's alike for 30+ years now. There is plenty of blame to go around.
Posted by: KJD | 07 August 2007 at 09:13 PM
All I said is that the air from the from the current American auto fleet is cleaner than it would be if
diesels were common. And that would be true, even if every one those diesels were all T2B5 compliant.
In other words "cleaner diesels" of the EU4 or EU5 European idiom are an environmental clean air exageration. They are "dirtier" than earlier gasoline autos; even some emission uncontrolled ones of the pre-catalytic converter era.
I do not advocate going back wards, when today's technology was so hard to develop and deploy.
We worked hard to cleanse the air; we should not cast that effort aside. Many true believers think our current air is polluted. It has been a side effect of constant advocacy, that the great progress we all have painstakingly made, is not appreciated. The job of cleaning the air is near being completed, and a great accomplishment by people of all political stripes over the past 30 years.
I,for one, would not agree to repealing the current SULEV II or EPA LEV II emission technology to return to first generation cat converters or pre cat ICEs.
I might compromise and let so-called "clean diesels" of the T2B5 variety proliferate. But only as long as I knew it was a temporary condition on the way to Nissan-like SULEV II diesels. Diesels that really are pretty clean, and not just a hoax and advertised to be so.
But I would do it with my eyes open; knowing that I am consciously going backward, making the air dirtier now, and for the interim period, for some other future gain.
OTOH, publishing a requirement by CARBite true believers is not the same as succeeding in developing the technology and meeting it. Mandating impossibilities, like hypothetically repealing the Law of Gravity can be handled two ways. Repeal or Ignore the new law. Meanwhile the fact of gravity cannot be ignored. Wishing does not mean the technology just popps into use.
JB,
Everyone's nose is different. I can't smell a trace of second hand cigarette smoke, unless it is dense, but I do smell diesel stink right after deboarding in an EU city. Soon I acclimate, and don't notice it. But my spouse could smell the smoke on my clothes if I had been in a room that a smoker used. Her sense of smell is even more acute.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | 09 August 2007 at 03:17 PM