Peugeot to Show Next Version of Diesel Hybrid Demonstrator at Frankfurt; A Step Closer to Commercialization in 2010
28 August 2007
The diesel 308 Hybrid HDi. |
Peugeot will use the Frankfurt Motor Show for the world premiere of its new 308 Hybrid HDi, a diesel hybrid which emits 80g/km of CO2 and reduces fuel consumption by 58% in the NEDC Urban Drive Cycle compared to a standard 308 HDi.
The new 308 Hybrid HDi demonstrator represents another step on the path towards the planned commercialization of the technology in 2010. Further evaluation of the original Peugeot 307 Hybrid HDi demonstrator in 2006 (earlier post) has confirmed the choice of a diesel engine, instead of a gasoline engine, as the best option to provide the best reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, according to Peugeot.
The demonstrator’s parallel hybrid powerplant uses an 80 kW (107 hp) 1.6 HDi DPFS diesel engine coupled with a 16 kW (continuous) electric motor providing a maximum power output of 96 kW (129 hp)—comparable to that of the 308 with the 2.0 liter HDi DPFS 100 kW (134 hp) diesel engine—and a 6-speed electronically controlled manual gearbox. A 200V, 5.5 Ah NiMH battery pack provides energy storage, and is recharged via regenerative braking.
General dynamic performance is comparable to a standard 308 HDi. In-gear acceleration, however, both in town and on the open road, is improved with the Hybrid HDi. During in-gear acceleration, the diesel engine is backed up by the electric motor which is able on demand to deliver a power boost of up to 23 kW and 130 Nm (96 lb-ft) or torque.
Fuel consumption in the combined cycle is 3.4 l/100km (69 mpg US) and CO2 emissions are 90 g/km—reductions of 38% compared to an equivalent 308 diesel HDi model.
The engine has been designed to meet the future Euro 5 emissions requirements coming into force in 2009. The 308 Hybrid HDi offers an all-electric range for journeys in regulated urban centers. The vehicle’s aerodynamic profile and use of Michelin Energy Saver low rolling resistance tires further enhance its performance.
Compared to the previous 307 Hybrid HDi demonstrator presented in 2006, the focus of the development has now switched to concentrating on the packaging of the hybrid technology into the structure of the new 308, and to ensure its compatibility with the future Euro 5 emission standards.
To ensure a competitive purchase price, priority has been given to using as many components as possible from current Peugeot vehicles. This has enabled the number of specific parts associated with the hybridization of the 308 to be reduced by around 30% compared to the previous 307 Hybrid HDi demonstrator.
The vehicle is started by a customary ignition key but, unlike a conventional vehicle, this does not start the diesel engine. The electric motor alone is responsible for starting and driving at low speed, while only the diesel engine is used on open roads and highways, with both units coming into play simultaneously to provide quicker acceleration. The system is fitted with a 6-speed electronically controlled manual gearbox able to operate in automatic or manual sequential mode.
A special button provides access to an all-electric “ZEV” Zero Emission Vehicle mode. Operation of the diesel engine is then restricted to more pronounced acceleration phases or high speed driving.
All the powertrain operating modes are controlled by a Power Train Management Unit (PTMU) according to the driver’s requirements.
The driver is informed in real time of the powertrain operating mode by a schematic diagram on the vehicle’s colour multifunction display. Other information is also available, such as the battery charge status or the power train operation mode.
Very impressive. Also a very nice looking car. I hope it will be available to us in the USA. Strange that consumption isn't even lower considering it's a very light vehicle.
Posted by: Richard | 28 August 2007 at 04:15 PM
I wonder if diesel hybrid trucks could reduce the problem of exhaust soot under heavy acceleration. The immediate load could be put on the electrical system with the diesel recharging more slowly. It seems to me diesel hybrids could solve a lot of problems.
Posted by: Aussie | 28 August 2007 at 04:52 PM
An expensive system, but perhaps prices will come down and/or enough Europeans will be prepared to pay a hefty premium. Personally, I rather doubt that will happen. Europeans consider CO2 to be a collective responsibility, so superlative emissions by any single car won't make much of a difference.
Citroen and BMW have a more realistic handle on European consumers' attitudes regarding hybrids: good idea regardless of engine type, but keep it affordable. European cars are already much more expensive than US models, even though net disposable income is usually lower. Ergo, stop-start micro- and very mild hybrids are good enough for now. Besides, small fry contributions to reducing CO2 do add up and, they let everyone carry their share of the collective burden.
Posted by: Rafael Seidl | 28 August 2007 at 05:03 PM
This is a fantastic step in a good direction, and may be a logical stepping off point for serial hybrid research and development.
Of course we won't see it in the US, which is a real shame.
Posted by: kevin h | 28 August 2007 at 07:31 PM
This is a major reduction in fuel consumption... 58% less than the regular diesel unit and 30% less than the previous diesel hybrid. All that within one year!!! This is a major achievemnent.
Makes you wonder what could be done by 2010.
Total unit cost could be brought down considerably by having the engine + power train + other sub assemblies + batteries + control units built in China or India. Fiat (+ many others) seems to be planning a similar approach.
The final asssembly of lower cost imported sub assemblies & parts would be done in Europe or USA-Canada for the local markets.
Posted by: | 28 August 2007 at 08:10 PM
This is a major reduction in fuel consumption... 58% less than the regular diesel unit
...in the NEDC Urban Drive Cycle
"Fuel consumption in the combined cycle is 3.4 l/100km (69 mpg US) and CO2 emissions are 90 g/km—reductions of 38% compared to an equivalent 308 diesel HDi model."
Posted by: jack | 28 August 2007 at 08:15 PM
I wonder whether Peugeot can solve the NOx problem by 2010, despite their claim about emissions : the present 307 HDi model emits 7.5 more times NOx than the equivalent gasoline version... and 17 times more than a Prius.
http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=13282
http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=15172
Besides, now than automakers claim they can make HCCI engines (see Mercedes DiesOtto or VW GCI), not sure that Diesel engines are the way to go.
Just the opinion of a European guy, tired about Diesel propaganda and a little poisoned after breathing its emissions. ;-)
Posted by: François | 28 August 2007 at 11:50 PM
the electric motor is a bit feeble at only 16kw compared to the prius at 50kw
part of the sucess of the prius is due to the massive electric torque of 400 nm
this car is not going to be in the same league !
and Francois ,
I am with you on that one , living in northern italy more and more
cars are now diesel , the air stinks !
Posted by: andrichrose | 29 August 2007 at 02:40 AM
andrichrose, the electric power is not directly comparable since a Prius NEEDS a big electric motor because of its very special planetary gear design. You must compare the 16 kW of the Peugeot with the 21 kW of a Prius battery, not with MG2 power. The same with the torque : having only one gear, a Prius MUST use such a huge torque to simply move : it's like if you were starting in top gear on a conventional vehicle...
Posted by: François | 29 August 2007 at 04:19 AM
Yup, the Peugeot motor can boost at 23 kW, which is more than the Prius battery output of 21 kW (using a smaller battery pack than the Prius).
Posted by: clett | 29 August 2007 at 05:41 AM
A sound approach to full hybrid. However, as Rafael mentioned and even Peugeot admitted, the price premium over the non-hybrid model will be quite hefty for the European market.
Ergo, a more marketable (lower-cost) approach would be the use of:
-- a simple, low-cost Atkinson-cycle gasoline engine, giving much lower NOx, cleaner exhaust, and much cheaper exhaust emission control sytem,
-- a 4-speed automated manual instead of 6-speed, given the torque boost availability of the electric motor. More torque equal less gear shifting required, and pending more powerful batteries like A123 lithium, even a 3-speed unit may be adequate with more powerful motor and battery.
Since this vehicle appears to be smaller than the Prius, the higher fuel economy seems to come from its smaller size and higher fuel energy density rather than any increase in thermal efficiency due to the Diesel engine.
Posted by: Roger Pham | 29 August 2007 at 06:38 AM
Why does it have such a small pack, 1 kWh? Also why did Prius reduce capacity of its own pack to little more than 1 kWh?
Why do they have such small batteries that seemengly cannot store much energy???
Posted by: q | 29 August 2007 at 06:57 AM
@ Roger
The current model 307 is as large or larger than the Prius (which I have just driven today for the first time). The old 307 is also more comfortable to drive than the Prius.
Plus the much-appraised PSA 1.6 HDi packs a punch and should give the hybrid 308 much better acceleration than the Prius. This engine is a really pleasant to drive.
With 6-speed manual transmission quickly becoming standard, I doubt there's a lot of money to be saved with a 4-speed tranny. Since the highest gear should be very long for efficient highway cruising, the shifts become very long and the engine is operated at less-than-optimum efficiency. I tried that with my parents' old Ford Scorpio and even though the engine had plenty of torque (3 litre Cosworth), I always whished it had another gear or two.
Posted by: Thomas | 29 August 2007 at 06:58 AM
The current model 307 is as large or larger than the Prius (which I have just driven today for the first time). The old 307 is also more comfortable to drive than the Prius. Plus the much-appraised PSA 1.6 HDi packs a punch and should give the hybrid 308 much better acceleration than the Prius. This engine is a really pleasant to drive.
Prius v 307 XS HDi
hp: 110 v 110
transmission: cvt v manual
0-100 km/h: 10.6 v 11.5
length (in): 175.0 v 165.8
width (in): 67.9 v 69.2
height (in): 58.7 v 60.2
wheelbase (in): 106.3 v 102.7
luggage capacity (ft^3): 14.4 v 12.0
l/100km: 4.3 v 4.9
co2 emissions (g/km): 104 v 129
nox emissions (g/km): 0.010 v 0.172
noise level (dB(A), moving): 69.0 v 73.0
Posted by: jack | 29 August 2007 at 07:27 AM
"Why does it have such a small pack, 1 kWh? Also why did Prius reduce capacity of its own pack to little more than 1 kWh?"
To keep costs and weight down. The early Prius needed a bigger battery (it was 1.9 kWh vs 1.3 kWh today) because the power density of the early NiMH wasn't up to much. Today they can make better power from a smaller and cheaper battery, so that's what they do.
A hybrid battery doesn't need to have large capacity if all it is doing is load levelling (like it is in the Prius). You only need bigger batteries if you want more EV range, ie for a PHEV.
Posted by: clett | 29 August 2007 at 07:36 AM
Wow, what a design! All electric range for quiet, emission free operation, and a turbo diesel for efficiency on the open road. Good looking and practical body design, too. I could feel pretty self-righteous tooling around in a car that puts out as little as 80g/km of CO2. It would be nice to have and idea of what this car would potentially sell for, and whether Peugeot has any plans to bring it give it a try in the North American market. 2010 or thereabout is shaping up to be a pretty good time to purchase a new car. I'm hoping to be able to choose between a European design like this or Opel's diesel BAS, a Prius PHEV, hopefully a new competitive offering from Honda, and maybe even a Volt(not holding my breath.)
Posted by: Bob Bastard | 29 August 2007 at 07:53 AM
I could feel pretty self-righteous tooling around in a car that puts out as little as 80g/km of CO2.
The Prius is rated at 78 g/km under the new JC08 standards -- without being a PHEV.
Posted by: jack | 29 August 2007 at 08:08 AM
Aussie,
A good engine computer (ECU) and a properly maintained engine will take care of the diesel smoke. I've observed that the diesel clouds are usually coming from old beat-up looking trucks that look like they've been in service for 20 years. Newer diesel trucks are a lot cleaner.
Also, my Jetta TDI never smokes. A TDI can smoke, if the engine is improperly tuned or not maintained -- but, like smoke from a gasoline engine, that indicates that something is wrong with the engine.
My dad's old Kubota Diesel tractor did smoke whenever you moved the throttle -- but that was 1980s engineering, with no ECU.
The three big benefits of the diesel are reduced fuel consumption, reduced complexity of the engine (no ignition nor ignition-timing to mess with), and also out-of-the-box biofuels compatability. The hybrid is more complicated than my TDI, but having an efficient vehicle that can run off of easy-to-make biofuels seems like a great idea to me. I'd love to see this car in the USA.
Posted by: Luke | 29 August 2007 at 08:08 AM
Thanks, jack, for the much-needed info on the Prius and 307 HDi. The NOx of the diesel car is 17 times higher! Wow. And the Prius accelerates 1 sec. faster while having larger internal space with a longer wheelbase and luggage space with the same hp rating.
Posted by: Roger Pham | 29 August 2007 at 08:19 AM
While this is clearly a step forward, I guess I'm not overly impressed with the stated fuel mileage since prototype diesel HEVs have already been produce which obtained 80 mpg combined (gasoline equivalent!) for a "mid-sized" car. These were the prototypes shown by each of the North American "Big Three" automakers back in the late 1990s under the PNGV program (the GM prototype - the "Precept" - was the entry that obtained the 80 mpgge). Granted those fuel mileages were measured in the U.S. FTP75 drive cycle, but I was hoping that these latest generation diesel HEVs could at least equal those levels.
As far as vehicle emissions are concerned, there are many other emissions (direct and indirect) that need to be considered other than NOx. NOx is the least of our worries as far as emissions are concerned, in my opinion.
Posted by: Carl | 29 August 2007 at 08:20 AM
jack, the Prius is a really nice car, maybe the most practical design that has yet been mass produced. I think it is probably superior for urban use to any diesel design, including this Peugeot concept, unless the all-electric range is enough to avoid using the diesel for most trips inside the city, which I doubt it is. However, I live in a rural area, and the vast majority of the driving I do is on the open road, which is why I would probably prefer to drive a car like this one, instead of a Prius. If I lived or drove regularly in the city, or anywhere else where localized emissions were an issue, I'd be more concerned about things like soot. Out here in the sticks, my main concern is CO2, which is a global issue.
Posted by: Bob Bastard | 29 August 2007 at 08:22 AM
However, I live in a rural area, and the vast majority of the driving I do is on the open road, which is why I would probably prefer to drive a car like this one, instead of a Prius.
l/100km (Extra Urban):
Prius - 4.2
307 Hdi - 4.3
http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=10982
http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk/search/vehicleDetails.asp?id=13282
Posted by: jack | 29 August 2007 at 08:34 AM
"..I would probably prefer to drive a car like this one,..."
I was referring to this 308 hybrid concept, not the the 307 Hdi.
"The Prius is rated at 78 g/km under the new JC08 standards -- without being a PHEV."
I don't want to get in another endless cycle of nitpicking and debating statistics, but Toyota is only claiming 104g/km on their website for the current Prius model: http://www.hybridsynergydrive.com/en/prius_emissions.html
Either way, it's a very low number, and a very clean and efficient car relative to current production vehicles. But I don't believe in a one solution fits all approach, either. Petroleum refining yields both gasoline and diesel, and it makes sense to try to balance demand for the two fuels, although both fuels have advantages and disadvantages, and I think it is pretty safe to say that diesel makes less sense in urban areas. NG also makes a lot of sense in some areas, and hopefully all-electric designs can become competitive, as well.
Posted by: Bob Bastard | 29 August 2007 at 08:46 AM
I don't want to get in another endless cycle of nitpicking and debating statistics, but Toyota is only claiming 104g/km on their website for the current Prius model
http://tinyurl.com/2e6vg9
I was just pointing out that under certain fuel economy methodologies, the CO2 emissions for the vehicle are below 80 g/km. The EU, US, and Japanese numbers are all over the map and hard to compare.
But I don't believe in a one solution fits all approach, either.
Neither do I.
Petroleum refining yields both gasoline and diesel, and it makes sense to try to balance demand for the two fuels
Diesel consumption is very high in cargo and other commercial applications. There's sufficient demand, and much of it is inflexible, since cargo/commercial applications have much longer lifecycles. Plus, we'll be seeing new Bin 5 light vehicle diesels soon, so that should maintain demand on the personal auto side of things. I'm looking forward to seeing what the auto manufacturers can put out within emissions boundaries.
NG also makes a lot of sense in some areas, and hopefully all-electric designs can become competitive, as well.
Absolutely.
Posted by: jack | 29 August 2007 at 08:57 AM
Repeat after me:
CO2 is not a pollutant, it's plant food. NOx or SOx will kill you.
CO2 is not a pollutant, it's plant food. NOx or SOx will kill you.
CO2 is not a pollutant, it's plant food. NOx or SOx WILL kill you.
I'll make a wager with anyone that wants to here and now, for $100 dollars. By 2012, we will not be concerned with atmospheric CO2; and we will regard it like the quaint concern for acid rain, or Y2K hysteria, or the atmosphere igniting due to nuclear bomb explosions.
OTOH, we will still be actively preventing the emissions of genuine pollutants, like NOx, SOx, and PM, for a long, long, time.
Anyone want to bet?
It's like taking money from a baby. The Science is in; It has been published in genuine peer-reviewed Scientific papers. The knowledge just hasn't permeated to the pop press and the non-scientific community.
The only concern for CO2 will remain as a crude measure of transport efficiency in substituting for fossil fuels in the Ground Transport application. That one, single application that represents over 80% of the consumption of Oil.
Fossil inefficiency, and limitation of total supplies will still be a concern. The solution to that problem, however, will be much more visible, as the substitute, electrification of ground transport, becomes even more evident, in the millions of LDVs extant, and obviously cleaner more inexpensive than fossil consumption, in any form.
To quote a Oil Sheik, "The Oil Age will end, like the Stone Age did before it; long before Man ran out of rocks".
Political propaganda has a long enduring life, long after the reality reveals otherwise.
Posted by: Stan Peterson | 29 August 2007 at 11:56 AM