New Alliance to Develop Nanocrystalline Metal/Polymer Hybrid; Lightweight and Strong
25 October 2007
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Patented nanometal/polymer hybrid technology using DuPont engineering polymers substrate produces stiff, strong parts. Click to enlarge. Source: DuPont |
DuPont, Canada-based Morph Technologies Inc., Integran Technologies Inc., and US-based PowerMetal Technologies have formed an alliance to develop and commercialize a nanocrystalline metal/polymer hybrid technology that will be used to manufacture extremely lightweight components with the strength and stiffness of metal and the design flexibility and benefits of lightweight high-performance thermoplastics.
The new offering—MetaFuse nanometal/polymer hybrids—uses a proprietary process that precisely applies ultra high-strength nanometal to components made of DuPont engineering polymers. This creates lightweight components in myriad, complex shapes with the stiffness of magnesium or aluminum and higher strength.
The patented technology in MetaFuse nanometal/polymer hybrids produces metals with grain size 1,000 times smaller than those of conventional metals, according to Gino Palumbo, president and chief technology officer of Integran Technologies Inc. Properties of metals are governed by the Hall-Petch relationship—as grain size decreases, strength increases.
Performance Enhancements on Reducing Average Grain Size of Nickel from 10 micrometers to 10 nanometers | |
---|---|
Performance Indicator | Relative improvement |
Specific Strength | 4.6X |
Elastic Energy Storage | 21.5X |
Thermal Shock Resistance | 4.9X |
Wear Resistance | 52.0X |
Integran’s electrosynthesis process directly creates an integral metal cladding with a nanocrystalline grain structure. Nanoparticles are not created at any stage in the manufacturing process.
Nano-crystalline nickel or nickel-iron are high-performance metals that are two to three times stronger than normal steel and also are significantly harder, with better wear and friction performance, according to Palumbo.
Metal offers strength and high stiffness, but is limited in its ability to enable integration and to cost effectively create complex shapes. Conversely, thermoplastic offers tremendous freedom to create shapes and to integrate functions, but it has suffered from some limitation in combining strength and stiffness. With this technology, designers can have the best of both worlds.
—Clive Robertson, Business Development Manager, DuPont Engineering Polymers
Initial developments will focus on selected applications in the automotive, consumer electronics and sporting goods markets that offer the maximum benefits that the technology can deliver. Under the agreement, DuPont will lead application development for global customers to bring this innovative technology to market by utilizing its global development, R&D and customer-support centers.
Morph Technologies, Inc. is a privately owned company charged to commercialize Integran’s proprietary nanomaterial technology for automotive applications. PowerMetal Technologies, Inc, is a supplier of nanotechnology enabled components to the sporting goods and consumer products industries. PowerMetal is already commercially supplying nanometal/thermoset polymer hybrid products that apply the same concept as the alliance is introducing for thermoplastic polymers.
Great development. So may be the ultra-light Prius at 100 mpg, weighing in at 430 kg with a 500-cc engine will have a much better chance of becoming a reality!
Posted by: Roger Pham | 25 October 2007 at 12:22 PM
"Integran’s electrosynthesis process directly creates an integral metal cladding with a nanocrystalline grain structure. Nanoparticles are not created at any stage in the manufacturing process."
I find this interesting. Nanoparticles could be the next "danger" for hybrid batteries/materials. I remember the big deal about how hybrids can hurt rescue workers, and when the first hybrid comes with lithium batteries, the exploding laptop batteries will be front and center again.
There is no real debate and/or conclusion to the issue of nanoparticles so it will be some time before we will see this in the news. But it would not surprise me if hybrids start to use more nano-tech materials, the critics will raise it as an issue...
Posted by: Charles S | 25 October 2007 at 12:45 PM
High-strength metals with extremely fine grains tend to be quite brittle. Great care is required for applications in which they will be exposed to impact and/or cyclic loads. Depending on the metal used, the problem can be substantially worse at low temperatures. Note that nickel is an expensive metal used in e.g. many stainless steels and, NiMH batteries for HEVs.
German company Alphaform AG recently contributed an article on applications for metalcoated polymer components in the automotive industry to the MTZ/ATZ special issue Automotive Engineering Partners (June 2007, in German only; Vieweg Publishers). They use copper and nickel to coat the thermoset polymer compound Prototool from DSM Somos. Applications focus on rapid prototyping, replacing more expensive carbon fiber parts. The company also sees applications for high-quality interior parts and decorative exterior panels for pre-production and small-scale production runs of luxury vehicles.
Posted by: Rafael Seidl | 25 October 2007 at 12:47 PM
It doesn't say anything about being recycled, since current vehicles are highly recyclable.
Posted by: cyrus | 25 October 2007 at 01:18 PM
"I remember the big deal about how hybrids can hurt rescue workers, and when the first hybrid comes with lithium batteries, the exploding laptop batteries will be front and center again."
Explosions/thermal runaway problems for Li-Ion batteries have been completely mitigated by improvements in cell construction and chemistry. Look up firms like Valence, EnerDel, A123, CPI, etc, for details.
Posted by: AES | 25 October 2007 at 01:34 PM
Fascinating technology though - and good to see that it's being backed by a major corporation. What is the potential for mass production and cost effectiveness though?
Posted by: AES | 25 October 2007 at 01:40 PM
I'd like to see a comparison to existing materials; carbon fiber, Ti, Al alloys, High strength steels, etc, including cost. It does seem like a great new technology with some significant promise.
Posted by: George | 25 October 2007 at 02:05 PM
@ Roger: I would be more impressed if the shell stored electricity.
@ Rafael: So, you would rather seen carbon fiber eh?
Posted by: jcwinnie | 25 October 2007 at 05:21 PM
@ Jcwinnie -
carbon fiber is what is normally used to today to rapidly prototype a new model during development to check proportions, joins, access during manufacturing etc. This is true even for those that contain no carbon fiber parts in the production version.
In an ideal world, all of this could be done virtually. Afaik, Fiat actually pulled that off for the new Bravo but it's not yet the norm.
Posted by: Rafael Seidl | 25 October 2007 at 05:33 PM
I've heard that Integran's Nanocrystalline metals are not brittle at all. In fact, they get the strength and other improvements with 7-8% elongation to failure. Quite impressive!
Posted by: Ari | 26 October 2007 at 07:29 AM
roger pham;
I agree with you. Less weight + lower drag design would contribute to more mpg and more electric mode range for PHEVs and BEVs. Battery packs (and on board generator for PHEVs) could be smaller and cheaper. Who will do it?
There are no defendable reasons to drive around in 10-15 mpg, 4000+ lbs bricks.
More electrified sub-units such as, brakes, steering, HVAC, pumps etc could also contribute to lower total weight. Thin 6 to 8 sq meter rooftop PV could supply free power (most of the time) for such sub-units.
Posted by: Harvey D | 26 October 2007 at 08:21 AM
"@ Roger: I would be more impressed if the shell stored electricity."
Jc, I don't what brew you've been imbibing, (green beer by any chance?) but since you have a very thin metal shell covering a plastic which is an electrical insulator, you can add another thin metal coating on the other side and have you a pretty darn large capacitor. Would any EE out there please kindly calculate the Farad value of this car-body shell capacitor to see how much Wh it can store?
Posted by: Roger Pham | 26 October 2007 at 10:37 AM
@ Roger:
Why do you want to know how much energy the car body can store? So you know just how powerful the arc will be when you crash the damn thing into something, explosively discharging your ad hoc capacitor into everything within a 30 foot radius?
This is why I never read the comments at GCC. Because it seems like it devolves into utterly impractical silliness like integrating the capacitors into the body of the car itself. That is, when everybody isn't pooh-poohing a technology they know nothing about on theoretical grounds only - Rafael, I'm looking straight at you.
Posted by: CL | 29 October 2007 at 10:50 AM
Plasteel is here!
Posted by: Raj Seshadri | 30 October 2007 at 11:41 AM