LA Metro retires last diesel bus; first major transit agency to operate only clean fuel buses
13 January 2011
LA Metro has retired the last diesel bus in its 2,228-vehicle fleet, making Metro the first major transit agency in the world to operate only alternative clean fueled buses. The agency now has 2,221 CNG buses, one electric and six gasoline-electric hybrid buses in its fleet.
Metro runs the second largest public transit bus operation in the United States with nearly 400 million annual passenger boardings, and its buses log just under 1.5 billion miles a year.
Metro directors in 1993 decided to only order clean air vehicles, an action that paved the way for other transit agencies across the US to opt for greener vehicles. After experimenting with methanol and ethanol, Metro ultimately went with compressed natural gas (CNG) engines.
Compared with diesel buses, Metro’s new CNG fleet reduces cancer-causing particulate matter by more than 80%. And because of the switch from diesel to CNG, Metro avoids emitting nearly 300,000 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions per day. CNG buses cost about 10 to 15% more to operate than standard diesel engine buses, largely because of increased maintenance costs.
The clean air bus fleet is just one aspect of Metro’s green program which also includes widespread use of solar panels at bus maintenance facilities and other energy saving devices to cut energy costs, recycling, and building and retrofitting new transit facilities with sustainable materials and practices. Installation of solar panels, LED lights and other energy saving features and recycling saves Metro well over $1 million annually in operating costs. The solar panels alone reduced Metro’s carbon footprint by 16,500 metric tons in 2010.
Why would CNG buses have higher maintenance costs?
It took 18 yrs (1993-2011) to phase out the old technology.
Not bad.
Posted by: danm | 13 January 2011 at 04:23 AM
Maintenance of a CNG bus is higher than the diesel bus because you got the usual maintenance cost of the diesel bus plus the cost of maintaining the (probably) $20000 CNG tank system rather than a simple $100 diesel tank. However, the annual fuel bill for a CNG bus is likely only 2/3 of the diesel bus. That could save about $7000 per year per bus. Plenty to pay for increased maintenance and the extra cost of buying a CNG bus. A diesel city bus going 5mpg and doing 35000 miles per year will spend ((35000/5)*3.2)= $22400 worth of diesel per year when diesel cost $3.2.
CNG/LNG will be used far more in the future for city busses and long-haul heavy duty trucks. Also international shipping could turn to LNG instead of bunker oil. Globally such a transition could take nearly 10 million barrels per day out of the 86 mbd global market. It will happen because it makes increasingly economic sense as oil prices goes up (expect $120 per barrel and $4 gasoline) and natural gas prices stay the same as a result of an emerging global shale gas industry.
Posted by: Account Deleted | 13 January 2011 at 05:34 AM
This is an excellent step by LA to reduce pollution from their city buses. Hybridization could be the next step followed by e-buses when batteries and supercaps have improved enough.
Other highly polluted cities, like Beijing ++++, could do the same.
Those could be no cost improvements when fuel is above $5/gal.
Wonder why European cities (with $7/gal fuel) have not done it. Do they rely more on their e-subways and e-suburban trains?
Posted by: HarveyD | 13 January 2011 at 08:07 AM
This is great, every time I see a CNG bus in operation I smile. They are quiet and clean, no smoke billowing out as they roar to pull away from the curb.
I truly believe that people like to hear these stories. It represents progress where things are getting better, problems are being solved. Your tax dollars at work is the old phrase, we could use more examples like this.
Posted by: SJC | 13 January 2011 at 01:47 PM
Henrick,
Even though diesel is a medium useful lubricant with high wetting characteristics, old diesel can turn toxic to engines.
Operated below its correct temp and high piston blow by conditrions will cause wax deposit build ups , acidification and algae contamination of filters.
When we change the oil in a diesel, the black colouration that returns almost instantly is hard cabon particles that are in the abrasive index below diamond , below carborundum, but above most of the rest of abrasive compounds.
Diesels do it tough viz wear and tear and accelerated maintainence issues because they burn that fuel (even low sulpher versions.)
We also suffer the crap that they emit.
NG buses in high density apps are a much better alternative.
P.S. Anyone heard of "chlorine emissions" from the - otherwise sweet smelling - NG Buses?
It Sounds Very Wrong but - in due dilligence and respect for my sources, Someone may have heard something?
Posted by: Arnold | 13 January 2011 at 03:13 PM
It may be true that CNG reduced PM emissions by 80% in early bus engines, but there's no evidence that that is currently still true.
Based on 2011 CARB certified emissions, a comparison of the exhaust emissions from the CNG and diesel versions of the Cummins 8.9 liter urban bus engines shows that the diesel version is lower in all criteria emissions except NOx (0.20 g/bhp-hr NOx for the diesel version; 0.13 g/bhp-hr NOx for the CNG version). PM emissions are 0.000 g/bhp-hr for the diesel version; 0.002 g/bhp-hr for the CNG version.
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroad/cert/mdehdehdv/2011/cummins_ub_a0210538_8d9_0d20-0d01_ng.pdf (CNG version)
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroad/cert/mdehdehdv/2011/cummins_ub_a0210546_8d9_0d29-0d01.pdf (diesel version)
Diesels have been cleaned up to the point where they are actually cleaner than other ICE technology.
Posted by: Carl | 13 January 2011 at 06:05 PM
Actually, CARB has known since 2001 that CNG was not really "cleaner" than "clean diesel" (http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/cng-diesel/brief1.pdf), even with oxidation catalysts (http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/829623-F0uIqi/native/829623.pdf).
CNG helps with foreign petroleum issues and possibly slightly lower CO2 emissions, but I remain skeptical that CNG is really is really improving air quality in the SoCAB vis-à-vis "clean diesel".
Posted by: Carl | 13 January 2011 at 07:33 PM
I hope you guys are wrong.
CNG seems so clean (and I suppose they are much, much cleaner than OLD Diesels).
But even if you are right – we don’t have to base our beliefs on reality.
Reality is overrated. Perception is what we work with.
Seriously – are the “10 to 15% less to operate” Diesels really cleaner too?
I am sure their original cost is much less.
Posted by: ToppaTom | 13 January 2011 at 08:10 PM
That would still leave CNG in front by lower fuel costs, cleaner longer lasting/lower maintainance and engine repair costs, lower nox - you say- , and reduced dependance on foreign oil as well as the potential of improvements against the likely reduction of clean diesel advantages as the rig ages - as they tend to do - with some loss of original tight emission control - As we legislate they do not.
Posted by: Arnold | 14 January 2011 at 03:59 AM
There are enough positive sides to CNG/CSG engines to justify an extensive conversion program of the 5M large city and urban buses used in USA.
Since the local supply of NG and SG is good for 100+ years, could the 10+M large trucks and many thousand locomotives be converted to CNG/CSG?
It could be an easy way to reduce crude imports, create local jobs and reduce air pollution.
Posted by: HarveyD | 14 January 2011 at 07:46 AM
@ Harvey,
Agree about the reduction in crude imports, but disagree with the reduced air pollution based on the data I've previously provided.
Other municipalities have opted against conversion to CNG due to the increased operating cost with no emissions benefit, if not a slight disbenefit...
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CYH/is_22_6/ai_94765901/
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/deer_2003/session5/deer_2003_lowell.pdf
As far as the emissions deterioration of clean diesel engines, I'm not sure what the "full useful life" of urban bus engines is, but I know it's 435,000 miles for heavy-duty diesel engines, and manufacturers have to certify the emissions for the FUL. Based on the CARB certs, the certified emissions of HDDEs are still very low. My guess is that CNG would deteriorate at least as fast as diesel, if not faster, from an emissions perspective.
I agree with ToppaTom, CNG emissions benefit is more of a perception than a reality.
Posted by: Carl | 14 January 2011 at 08:37 AM
Our city diesel buses (and those of most other cities) certainly do not run clean. They never did and will not run cleaner in 10 years. So, an upgrade to cleaner CNG/CSG would be beneficial for the environment.
Secondly, since they are huge crude oil eater, it would have an immediate effect of crude import.
With xx million out of work, such a program would help to create more jobs and to get out of the current speculators and right wings made recession.
Posted by: HarveyD | 14 January 2011 at 11:21 AM
Reality is overrated. Perception is what we work with.
Toppa... You're not kidding!
Posted by: Reel$$ | 14 January 2011 at 02:48 PM
The low emissions achieved from CNG does not require the high EGR and larger capacity engines, + or particulate filter, + or NOx traps that the clean diesel equivalents are using in some combination or seperately to achieve the emissions target.
If CNG buses were to utilize any of the above 'tricks, then we could expect them to way outperform the diesels.
To be fair apples cannot be compared with oranges in this case.
Again I can confidently state that any engine, petrol or diesel running eother LPG or NG or H2 fuels will last ~ 2X as many kilometers because of the benifical friendliness of these gaseous fuels to the oil lubrication system.
That is a big economic benifit to double the oil contaminant induced wear in an engine.
The extension to base lubricating oil life can be 10X but only about2X for the oil conditioners ie friction modifiers/ viscosity modifiers etc etc.
There are other well publicised objections to NG relating to extraction methods including shale recovery, fracking and associated water and aquifer contamination issues that need consideration. That is a nother story though.
"Every thing has downsides"
Just depends how far the investigation is ready or willing to go. They will of course be investigated and reported and the suits and shiny bums will get involved and we will all benefit from rigourous scrutiny.
It just makes it a little harder to pick the winners as they can change on a daily basis.
We can say however.
Investors beware!
Posted by: Arnold | 14 January 2011 at 03:08 PM
Major transit agencies do not pay taxes on the diesel they use.. probably a huge savings in fuel cost and the reason diesel has a cost advantage in this application.
Posted by: Herm | 14 January 2011 at 06:33 PM
Valid point about incorporating additional emission controls on CNG similar to clean diesel, but on the other hand, that would increase the initial cost of the CNG bus and likely decrease the efficiency which is already 25% less as well.
The only point I've tried to make is that from an emissions perspective, California knows, and has known since at least 2001, that they could have achieved at least as much of an emissions benefit with clean diesel while avoiding the additional operating costs involved with CNG buses (10%-15% higher according to LA Metro themselves). Not disputing there are other benefits of CNG.
Posted by: Carl | 15 January 2011 at 08:05 AM
My long held understanding has been that the low cost of CNG from the Australian east coast domestic and industry power gen pipelines makes the fuel a very cheap 1/3? price alternative for automotive apps.
The cost of small filler pumps takes 1 to 2 years to pay back, the extra maintainence is a negative cost owing to cleaner lube systems vastly extending engine life.
That leave the conversion costs that will not even rate in OE manufactures offerings.
For U or Me there may be some hard economics to face but it doesnt have to be that way today.
The larger concern would have to be range limitations and availability outside the infrastructure supported city or heavy trucking routes that cater for the big rigs.
Posted by: Arnold | 15 January 2011 at 01:41 PM