• Selective laser sintering fuses plastic, metal, ceramic or glass powders in cross sections. A laser scans a pattern on the surface of the powder, fusing the particles together into a layer four-thousandths of an inch thick. As each new layer of powder is added, scanned and fused to the previous one, the part gradually takes shape within the 28-inch-cubed reservoir.

• Stereo lithography combines photochemistry and laser technology to build parts from liquid photopolymer resins. The parts are also built up in layers as a UV laser traces the section onto the surface of the resin, curing the liquid into a solid as it scans. Because the resin won’t support the parts being formed, a fine lattice-like structure is generated below each part during the manufacturing process.

Both processes use specialized software, math data and digital lasers, which accomplish in days what would have taken weeks of clay sculpting in the past. Rapid prototyping enables designers and engineers to quickly see, touch and test versions of individual components and systems in precise one-third scale and full-size models without having to make changes to production tooling, which can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

When you need to get intricate, fully functional prototype parts quickly, nothing beats rapid prototyping. Our ability to rapidly fabricate inexpensive prototype parts throughout a vehicle enables key components to get confirmed earlier so that we can go from computer models to production-caliber parts.

—Todd Pawlik, chief engineer, Chevrolet mid- and full-size cars

Rapid prototyping proved particularly useful for updates to the new Malibu’s floor console, which now features a pair of integrated smartphone holders for driver and passenger. The new console also weighs less, which helps contribute to the Malibu’s improved fuel economy.

In addition, the Malibu development team used rapid prototyping to:

• Update the center stack trim and evaluate various surface treatments for the console and center stack.

• Create a prototype of Malibu’s redesigned front fascia, enabling aerodynamic and climatic wind tunnel testing without expensive production parts.

• Re-sculpt the front seat back panels—located between seat frame and upholstery— for improved rear seat access and passenger comfort. The 2014 model has 1.25 inches more knee room compared to its predecessor.