The Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has reached its operational power design level by running a neutron production cycle at 1.4 megawatts. (Earlier post.)

Higher power provides more neutrons for researchers who use the facility to study a wide range of materials. The achievement marks a new operational milestone for neutron scattering in the US and opens the door to studying significantly smaller materials with greater complexity.

The power increase was enabled by the combination of extensive improvements to the linear accelerator, including the recent replacement of the radio frequency quadrupole—the first accelerating structure of the accelerator’s frontend assembly, as well as improvements to the liquid mercury target.

Incorporating target vessel modifications such as gas injection of helium bubbles into the target’s mercury flow significantly reduced stresses induced by the beam’s immense high-energy pulses. In addition, the SNS operations team executed a Target Management Plan developed in 2016 that paves the way for higher powers by operating three targets a year for sustainable reliability.

Constructed in 2006, SNS is a one-of-a-kind pulsed accelerator-based neutron scattering facility that provides powerful state-of-the-art capabilities to thousands of researchers around the world to study energy and materials at the atomic scale.

The facility produces neutrons by launching protons down a linear accelerator and into a liquid mercury target. Upon impact, a “spall” of neutrons is created which are then sent to surrounding high powered instruments. Neutrons scatter off atoms within a sample, revealing fundamental information about how the atoms within the system are behaving and how much distance is between them.

Science discoveries only made possible by neutrons at SNS include unprecedented insights into the exotic behavior of the magnetic Majorana fermion—a promising building block for topological quantum computing; mitigation of air pollution by characterizing a metal organic framework material’s ability to remove harmful nitrogen dioxide from the atmosphere; and first-of-a-kind experiments performing real-time in situ measurements on a running gas-powered engine.