Minmetals reports successful test of new direct lithium extraction process
05 June 2021
China-based Minmetals Group subsidiary Minmetals Salt Lake announced the successful testing of an improved direct lithium extraction process. The process, developed by Xi’an Lanshen New Material Technology, uses aluminum hydroxide as an adsorbent to separate lithium from other impurities.
R&D investment totalled RMB44.8 million (US$7.0 million) and a 1kt-scale pilot line started operation in April. After running consecutively for two months, the test result proved to be a success with improvements in lithium recovery rate and processing cost compared to historical processing methods, according to a Roskill report.
Minmetals Salt Lake operates the Yiliping lithium salt lake project in Qinghai province, which was commissioned in 2018 with a 10ktpy capacity of lithium carbonate. The project, located in the Tibetan Plateau’s Qaidam Basin, has a mining license that will expire in 2028.
In March, China’s Ganfeng Lithium—the sixth-largest lithium company by production in 2019—said that its board approved a plan to acquire a 49% equity interest in Yiliping for 1.47 billion Chinese yuan (US$229 million). China Minmetals will still hold a 51% controlling stake in the project.
Minmetals first adopted membrane technology provided by Jiuwu Hi-Tech, though a solar evaporation stage was still essential. The traditional solar evaporation stage normally takes 18-24 months to produce concentrated brine from which lithium may be extracted, while the direct lithium extraction technology developed shortens the extraction process to 20 days.
This technology can be applied in the initial concentration stage of processing, with membrane separation later used to extract lithium from solution, increasing current capacity without significant investment.
Roskill noted that given that China relies heavily on imported raw materials to produce lithium products, the development of domestic lithium resources is seen as the key to establish supply security and help Chinese companies remain competitive.
China has abundant brine resources located in Qinghai province, but the quality of resources with low lithium content, though high Li:Mg ratio, has impeded production. If direct lithium extraction technology can be successfully applied to Minmetals existing operation and other Minmetal Salt Lake assets in China, lithium extracted from brine would be expected to contribute a greater portion of global supply, Roskill said.
This lithium from seawater process sounds to me as though it will work:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/EE/D1EE00354B#!divAbstract
' we estimated the total electricity required to enrich 1 kg lithium from seawater to 9000 ppm in five stages to be 76.34 kW h. Simultaneously, 0.87 kg H2 and 31.12 kg Cl2 were collected from the cathode and the anode, respectively. Taking the US electricity price of US$ 0.065 per kW h into consideration, the total electricity cost for this process is approximately US$ 5.0. In addition, based on the 2020 prices of hydrogen and Cl2 (i.e., US$ 2.5–8.0 per kg and US$ 0.15 per kg, respectively),34 the side-product value is approximately US$ 6.9–11.7, which can well compensate for the total energy cost. It should also be noted that the current Cl2 utilisation capacity in the chlor-alkali industry is ∼80 Mtons y−1. Even in the case where all the world lithium capacity is produced from our extraction process, the amount of Cl2 produced will be <3 Mtons, and so will have very little effect on the total market. It is also noted that the total concentration of other salts after the first stage is less than 500 ppm, which implies that after lithium harvest, the remaining water can be treated as freshwater.'
Lithium in the oceans is around 5000 times greater than land based resources.
I never thought lithium likely to be a problem longer term, with other resources far more critical and capable of putting a crimp in production and forcing up prices at least in the medium term, although in my view able to be overcome in the longer term.
Posted by: Davemart | 05 June 2021 at 07:21 AM