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Testing of unblended Talnode-Si silicon anode material shows ~5x energy capacity of graphite-only anodes

Battery anode and materials company Talga Group reported that recent testing by a global Tier-1 EV manufacturer of unblended Talnode-Si—demonstrated ~5x the energy capacity of graphite-only commercial anodes (1,800mAh/g vs 360mAh/g). Talnode-Si is a composite of graphite, graphene and ~50% silicon designed to boost battery energy capacity when blended into existing commercial graphite anode materials.

Talga has been developing Talnode-Si since 2018 at its facilities in Cambridge, UK, with commercial samples being produced at its pilot facility in Rudolstadt, Germany. Recent qualification and pilot trials completed with a global EV manufacturer confirmed Talnode-Si performance under commercial cell manufacturing conditions.

Talnode

Talnode-Si under development at Talga’s R&D facilities in the UK. (L) Active anode powder preparation and (R) Scanning electron microscopy image of Talnode-Si particle during production.


Li-ion battery cells containing 9% Talnode-Si, manufactured in battery tolling and in-house development facilities, boosted battery energy capacity by ~40%. Test results of first cycle efficiency and 500 cycle life to date exceed customer targets at this stage of development.

Talga is expanding its existing pilot line in Rudolstadt to produce greater quantities of Talnode-Si for commercial qualification. Commissioning of the expanded pilot line is to be completed in Q1 2023.

In parallel, the company is conducting feasibility work towards accelerating commercial Talnode-Si production options. The company said that negotiations with leading global EV manufacturers regarding supply volumes have commenced and production site location selection in Europe is well underway.

Comments

peskanov

...10 years after the Envia/GM silicon anode fiasco.
Even now there are no robust silicon anodes on the market (this ones does not even promises that).
Also, it seems Tesla is not adding silicon grains to the anode in the 4680 (a tech. they announced in the "battery day").

Davemart

@peskanov:

Just so.
I was as enthusiastic as the next guy about battery 'breakthroughs' coming real soon to enable big batteries at prices comparable to ICE.

And I have plenty of bookmarks on silicon anodes etc from a decade or so ago to show it.

Will economically competitive big batteries happen?

Absolutely.

But the time lines touted to force things through at huge cost to others are as shot away as they have ever been.

https://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/12/nexeon-20091202.html#more

' The company has a fully automated and instrumented pilot plant in full operation, capable of producing more than 1 kg of material a day (enough material for approximately 500 x 18650 cells). Further proprietary equipment has been designed and is now in the final stages of being tested' (silicon anodes)

Lovely.

Check out the date.

2009

Gryf

Yes, there are no 100% Silicon Anodes, however, a little helps a lot,
Here are some 2022 references you can check out from reliable sources.

“ Silicon forging ahead for higher-performance battery anodes”
General Motors’ new joint-research agreement with OneD underscores the promise of silicon-anode development.
https://www.sae.org/news/2022/11/silicon-anodes

“Delivering on our Promise, we're Shipping Advanced Battery Materials by the Ton to OEMs”
https://group14.technology/en/news/delivering-on-our-promise-were-shipping-our-advanced-battery-materials-by-the-ton-to-major-oems

“ Mercedes-Benz and Sila achieve breakthrough with high silicon automotive battery”
https://www.silanano.com/press/press-releases/mercedes-benz-and-sila-achieve-breakthrough-with-high-silicon-automotive-battery

“ Mercedes-Benz transitions to full electric”
https://www.takomabattery.com/catl-supplies-mercedes-benz-high-energy-density-battery/

Gryf

@Davemart
Some good reads from the UK:Dr. Jody Muelaner, a research fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. at the University of Bath.
He has led SAE International’s research on transport decarbonization.
https://www.muelaner.com/freelance-writing/

Davemart

Yep, as I noted, advances have been and will continue to be made.

What I am highlighting is that it has all been vastly oversold.

Pouring money into an immature technology which is not up to the job is lovely, providing it is someone else's money

Gryf

The Talga Group is a Natural Graphite Mining company that just opened their Vittangi Mine in Sweden. So they are trying to supply Europe with low CO2 Graphite Anodes and have recently fast tracked the Talnode-Si Anode.
Talga Group has been working with Farasis Energy (partly owned by Daimler). Farasis recently announced a fast charging battery - 2.4C to 5C - that appears to have a Silicon based anode.
“Farasis Energy launches Super Pouch Solution”
https://autonews.gasgoo.com/china_news/70021248.html

peskanov

@Davemart,
if you check announcements from automotive companies along the years, hyping silicon anodes was done by those not selling BEVs or not selling them in big numbers.
I don't know why they make those big technological breakthroughs claims, but they tend to appear regularly.
And that's one the reasons I take Toyota's claim of having a fantastic SSB with a grain of salt.
I think carbon anodes and wet electrolytes will be with us a long time. Which is not necessarily a bad thing, as both characteristics are no impediment to the race to bottom in prices.

Davemart

@peskanov said:

' And that's one the reasons I take Toyota's claim of having a fantastic SSB with a grain of salt.'

?? Please link the claims from Toyota itself on which you base your remarks or retract.

I have followed them closely on the matter, and I have seen no such claims.

On the contrary, they speak of the difficulties in moving to full scale production, and the probable long time lines.

Here is Toyota itself in September 2021, as opposed to those seeking to use their own spin, by setting targets and dates which Toyota never has, then falsely claiming 'failure' against their own invention:

https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/35971839.html#presentation

' In June last year, we built a vehicle equipped with all-solid-state batteries, conducted test runs on a test course, and obtained driving data.

Based on that data, we continued to make improvements, and in August last year, we obtained license plate registration for vehicles equipped with all-solid-state batteries and conducted test drives.

There are some things that we have learned during the development process.

All-solid-state batteries are expected to have higher output because of the fast movement of ions within them.

Therefore, we would like to take advantage of the favorable properties of all-solid-state batteries by also using them in HEVs.

On the other hand, we found that short service life was an issue.

To solve this and other issues, we need to continue development, mainly of solid electrolyte materials.

We feel that having identified an issue has brought us one step closer to commercialization.'

So they simply say they are not ready, and the aim is as it has been for years to move to some limited commercial production by the SECOND half of the 2020's

They have also identified issues on production, which they are some way off solving

I respect your knowledge and contribution here, but your claim is entirely false, and Toyota have never hyped the productionreadiness of their solid state batteries.

Please retract.

With thanks.

Gryf

Both of you are correct in different ways.
SSB do not have significant energy advantages over liquid electrolyte batteries. The energy density comes from the anode and cathode. Tesla and Jeff Dahn has said this for years. If you look at the anode the best is either Metal or Silicon.
The cathode is another area, Bollore Blue Solution has had a Lithium Metal LFP Battery for a decade and is used on Mercedes eCitaro buses. It has no advantage over a liquid electrolyte LFP battery because it operates at 50-80degrees Celsius.

Toyota uses a Sulfide based solid electrolyte which do not work well with Lithium Metal (https://www.quantumscape.com/resources/blog/the-problem-with-sulfides/).

However, they do work well with Silicon anodes which have almost as high an energy as Lithium Metal and are more safe. Shirley Meng at UCSD has combined Silicon Anodes with a solid Sulfide electrolyte with success. Silicon Anodes can work, they are still in early development.
Read this:” Subnano-sized silicon anode via crystal growth inhibition mechanism and its application in a prototype battery pack”. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-021-00945-z

One company that is developing SSB is Blue Current using Argonne research in Solid State electrolytes. They have a good diagram about what I am trying to convey.
https://bluecurrent.com/technology/

So the next step is finding the best cathode. Sulfur looks like a good bet, maybe a Halide based one. Toyota, Nissan, and others think SSB are a good choice, though not sooner than 2028. In the the meantime, LFP with liquid electrolytes are low cost and safe. BTW the SVolt LFP battery has an energy density of 209 watt-hrs/kg which is quite good when used in a CTP battery.

Happy New Year!


Davemart

Hi Gryf:

Interesting stuff.

My concern however has simply been to point out that Toyota have not misrepresented its solid state technology, or made exaggerrated claims.

That has been the provenance of others, predominently big battery right now enthusiasts.

It is false to claim that they have been engaged in puffery.

That is not Toyota's style.

peskanov

@Davemart,
I don't have any problem retracting errors. It just happens I am not sure about being wrong here.

Back in 2017 they were talking about launching a BEV using their new SSB on 2022.

https://www.drive.com.au/news/toyota-ev-with-solid-state-batteries-planned-for-2022-report/

We are at the end of 2022 and now they say they will be making an hybrid in 2025; I have not been able to learn if it's planned as a plug-in hybrid, so maybe they are just trying to substitute their tiny NiMH batteries!

So after more than 5 years from it's first announcements we don't know:
- Any real spec or 3rd party validation
- If it has a good potential for being cheap
- If they plan to scale it up for plug-in or full BEVs

...yet we have to hear again and again from this miraculous tech. And if we go to Toyota's official webpage, we read:

Toyota is leading solid state battery production

Leading ? Leading over who? Over Solid or Quantmscape?
They showed nothing and we don't even know exactly what do they plan to sell "in 2025".

I am sorry Davemart, but for me they have been hyping their tech too much over too much time. I am very skeptical about what they really have.

And remember, Toyota has never developed any battery chemistry before. NiMH is licensed.

Davemart

@peskanov:

I expect more accuracy than that from you.

I have provided the linked actual words of Toyota in their most recent press release on the subject, in which they made clear that they have considerable obstacles still to overcome, as of 2021.

I could dig out other comments they have made, indicating that manufacturing of their preferred solid state option poses considerable difficulties, but it is not worth the bother, since you provide nothing exact, linked or sourced.

What you have prolvided to substantiate your claim that Toyota are overselling their tech is a FIVE YEAR old third party article, translated who knows how accurately, from a also third party Japanese newspaper article.

Note that you do not even say that at 'one stage' Toyota may have oversold, but claim that they still do.

If you think that anything you have said would be regarded as evidential by any sensible person, you are deluding yourself.

I repeat, either substantiate your claims with linked quotes from Toyota itself making false or exaggerated claims about their solid state batttery, or retract.

Fan dancing about it is absurd, and detracts from your credibility.

I screw up loads of times, and then retract when I am shown to have done so.

There is no basis for your claims, and you know it.

Gryf

Curious? Did anyone read about this Hyundai Prototype battery, that uses Silicon Anodes?
” Subnano-sized silicon anode via crystal growth inhibition mechanism and its application in a prototype battery pack”. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-021-00945-z
Toyota and Tesla need to worry about Hyundai and Ford (who is now working with CATL to build an American factory).

Davemart

Hi Gryf

That is not the only battery venture Hyundai is engaged in:

https://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/3429

' (October 28, 2021) Factorial Energy (Factorial), Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Corporation (collectively “Hyundai”) are partnering to test Factorial’s novel solid-state battery technology and its integration in Hyundai electric vehicles. Under the Joint Development Agreement, which includes a strategic investment, the companies will integrate Factorial technology at the cell, module, and system levels, perform vehicle-level integration, and co-develop specifications for manufacturing Factorial’s batteries. The announcement is Factorial’s first major strategic investment from a major automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) group and deepens its existing research relationship with Hyundai.'

And:

' Factorial’s world-class leadership team includes former Chairman and CEO of Panasonic Corporation of North America Joe Taylor as executive chairman. In addition, Dieter Zetsche, former Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz; Mark Fields, former Ford Motor Company CEO; and Harry Wilson, former senior advisor to the Obama Administration’s Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, are members of Factorial’s advisory board.'

And the links between Panasonic with Toyota go way, way back.

Of the top 4 battery patent holders, Toyota and Panasonic make two of them.

The big boys are not betting exclusively on one technology or approach, although of course they try to concentate their efforts

As I noted, something is going to work, but the precise flavour is not clear yet, and the time lines tend to be overhyped, although NOT by Toyota.

peskanov

@Davemart,
it's my belief (yes, just belief) all those news "leaked" from Toyota these recent years come directly from Toyota themselves. VW played the same game wit QS.
Now, if I have to justify to you how Toyota is hyping anything, let's go bak to the official Toyota page about SSB. Did you read it?

https://www.toyota.ie/company/news/2021/solid-state-batteries

Let's check some statements from Toyota:

"Toyota is leading SSB production"

Toyota is not leading SSB production, as there is none. Patents are not production. And the car producer closest to bringing SSB to market seems to be NIO.

" Solid-state battery technology is a potential cure-all for the drawbacks facing electric vehicles that run on conventional lithium-ion batteries, including the relatively short distance traveled on a single charge as well as charging times."

This is a load of hype and exaggeration. All SSB promises are just incremental, and all announced SSB accomplish it compromising cost.

"They would lower the risk of fires"

At least they honest with the safety question...lower, not eliminate. I will give them that.

"Toyota are in a leading position in terms of achieving the first functional mass-produced solid-state battery and we are planning to be the first company to sell an electric vehicle equipped with a solid-state battery by mid-2020s."

An EV or an hybrid? I bet they just forgot to update this web, as now they just say "hybrid for 2025" and don't even specify if it's plug-in or not.

"And it’s coming to fruition as we now have over 1,000 solid state battery patents – more than any other car maker."

More hype. Number of patents means nothing.

"So, what does this mean from an end users point of view? A trip of 700 km on one charge. A recharge from zero to full in roughly 10-15 minutes. All with minimal safety concerns. The solid-state battery being introduced by Toyota promises to be a game changer not just for electric vehicles but for an entire industry."

Hype and more hype. Where is the proof they have this type of cell?

"The electric vehicles being developed will have a range more than twice the distance of a vehicle running on a conventional lithium-ion battery under the same conditions."

Twice the energy density of li-ion. That would mean >500 wh/kg or >1000 wh/l. Quite a bold statement. Where is the proof?

Davemart, English is not my first language as you have probably noticed, but to me this hype from start to end. Isn't it?

Davemart

@peskanov:

' it's my belief (yes, just belief) all those news "leaked" from Toyota these recent years come directly from Toyota themselves.'

It appears that that is what you wish to think, and don't worry about evidence, as you fancy thinking that.

I have read bucket loads of hype on batteries, and it is nothing like the moderate info that Toyota occasionally release.

I have no idea what bones you are trying to pick, or inventing, about what solid state can do, as every other company I am aware of says exactly the same thing about them as Toyota, save that many of them omit the 'POTENTIALLY'

I have no idea why you should feel the need to inform others that patents are not production, just as 'your feeling' about Toyota is wholly irrelevant and non evidential, save as it speaks to your biased reading of anything they say.

And Toyota have announced at CES that the first cars they do with solid state batteries will be hybrids, not BEVs, although we don't know whether it will be a plug in or not, and they have been very clear that releases are as and when remaining obstacles are sorted, not some sort of set in stone edict.

Try Tesla with self driving, or numerous other big battery BEV claims if you want to read hype.

Your false claims about the wholly responsible info from Toyota is a smear, 'they are just as bad as the rest'.

Your opinion on the matter is worth the same as your evidence.

The Lurking Jerk

....in related news, Eeestor is on the verge of success!

peskanov

@Davemart,
yes, Tesla FSD was (and still is) hyped to the max; they clearly overpromised.
And most, if not all of the companies solid state batteries are similarly overpromising. They usually omit or lie about some key feature, like price or scalability.

I will be more than happy to eat my words if Toyota delivers what they are promising.

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