The E-fuel project of VTT and partners has developed a concept for producing electrofuel from green hydrogen and carbon dioxide using a combination of different methods. This paraffinic e-fuel is being tested for the first time in Finland on a diesel-powered tractor at AGCO Power’s Linnavuori factory in Nokia. The new electrofuel is also suitable for vehicles that are difficult to electrify, and is therefore an important step in the development of sustainable fuel solutions.

VTT’s E-fuel project is co-funded by Business Finland, VTT and its corporate partners, and valued at more than €6 million. In May 2023, a demonstration environment for the production of Power-to-Liquid (PtL) electric fuels was launched by VTT in collaboration with a number of corporate partners. The project consists of three components: a solid oxide electrolyzer unit (Convion and Elcogen as partners); a carbon dioxide recovery unit (Carbon Reuse Finland and Andritz); and a Fischer-Tropsch fuel synthesis unit (VTT and INERATEC).

Using Finnish technology, we have succeeded in producing e-diesel, or electrofuel, from green hydrogen and carbon dioxide on a pre-commercial scale. The fuel can be used to replace fossil diesel in sectors that are difficult to electrify, such as heavy road transport and shipping. It can also be used in machinery. Our next step is to obtain information on the usability of the fuel in a field test.

—VTT Research Professor Juha Lehtonen

The project has produced hundreds of kilograms of synthetic hydrocarbons for sustainable transport fuel. The hydrocarbons have then been refined at Neste into a drop-in paraffinic diesel, which is now being tested at AGCO Power’s Linnavuori plant in Nokia.

The Valtra T235D tractor, powered by AGCO Power’s 74 LFTN diesel engine, is fueled with the new e-diesel and, during the test drive, which will last several hours, fuel consumption and the carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fine particles and other substances in the exhaust emissions are measured. The e-diesel produced in the project is expected to be of high quality and meet current road diesel fuel standards.

—AGCO Power’s Director of Engineering, Kari Aaltonen

There is no single solution to future emission reductions, the partners say. AGCO Power’s engine plant is also investing in research and development and exploring a wide range of options for reducing emissions from agriculture.

We are developing solutions for different types of machinery to meet the needs of farmers, for example with electric batteries, hydrogen, methane and methanol.

—Kari Aaltonen

According to Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Principal Research Scientist at VTT, based on previous experience with paraffinic fuels, the e-diesel being tested is also expected to be an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil diesel in terms of local emissions.