The Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), an institute under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and ICT, has developed what it says it the world’s first engine capable of directly injecting ammonia into the combustion chamber at high pressure, in collaboration with the Electrification Engineering Center of Hyundai Motor and Kia.

The new engine utilizes high-pressure liquid injection technology to address challenges associated with gaseous ammonia fuels such as unstable power output and harmful emissions. This system ensures a stable supply of large volumes of ammonia fuel. By utilizing pure ammonia, the engine achieves a world-class specific output without requiring additional combustion-enhancing devices or additives.

The research team enhanced the engine’s performance by improving the ignition system and optimizing the timing of fuel injection and valve operation. Additionally, the researchers developed a dedicated after-treatment system to minimize nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and unburnt ammonia emissions. As a result, the engine demonstrated significantly improved thermal efficiency and power output, while reducing harmful emissions. These advancements highlight the potential of ammonia as a practical and efficient fuel for various applications.

Key components of the ammonia engine. Source: KIMM

Principal researcher Dr. Cheolwoong Park of KIMM highlighted the engine’s potential to transform mobility power sources and industrial power generation, particularly in the realm of clean hydrogen energy. Principal researcher Dr. Seungwoo Lee of Hyundai Motor and Kia stated, “This engine technology could serve as a breakthrough in addressing the challenges of hydrogen transportation and green hydrogen production, establishing ammonia as a new clean fuel-based power solution.”

This research was supported by Hyundai Motor and Kia through the project titled “Evaluation of Direct Injection Ammonia Engines.”